Kuyini i-nozzle yokuphikisa?

Igama le-nozzle ephindaphindayo livela emsebenzini walo - igama elithi "nozzle" lichaza kahle indima yalo njengesiteshi esincibilikisiwe, ngenkathi "i-refractor" iqokomisa ukuqina kwayo ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okuqondile, ama-nozzles abukhali angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningi, njengezinhlangothi eziphezulu, ama-nozzles aphansi, ama-nozzles aphansi, ama-nozzles angaphansi (sen), njll. Uhlobo ngalunye lunokuhlukahluka kwenqubo.

Kuyini i-nozzle yokuphikisa?

I-Refractory Nozzle ngumkhiqizo wezinto ezibonakalayo ezisetshenziselwa ukushiswa kwezinga lokushisa okubucayi (njengensimbi encibilikisiwe, i-molton iron) noma i-non-iron ancibilikayo yokulawula ukuhamba, okuvame ukufakwa endaweni yokuphuma noma i-sliding nozzle system yemishini yensimbi (njengeLadidi, iConverter, tundish).

Iqinisekisa ukuqina nokuphepha kwenqubo yokunqwabelana nokuphonsa ngokulawula ukugeleza kwezinga lokugeleza, isilinganiso sokugeleza kanye nokuqondisa kokugeleza kokuncibilika. Ama-nozzles asetshenziswayo awadingi kuphela ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu aphezulu (imvamisa engaphezu kuka-1500 ° C), kodwa futhi kufanele amelane nokuguguleka kwamakhemikhali, ukuhoxiswa kwemishini, kanye nomonakalo owenziwe ngomkhumbi ovela kuncibilika kanye ne-slag.

Ukwakheka nezinto zokwakha izimbotshana zokuphikisa

Ukusebenza kwama-nozzles abusayo kuncike ngqo ekukhetheni kwabo ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo. Okulandelayo yizakhi zayo eziphambili nezimpawu ezibonakalayo:

1. Izinto eziphambili

I-Aluminium Carbon (Al₂o₃-C): I-Alumina ephezulu isetshenziswa njengengxenye eyinhloko, nezinto zokwakha ikhabhoni (ezifana ne-graphite) zengezwa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka. I-Aluminium Carbon nozzles isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindlebeni nasezitafula, futhi ilungele ukuphonswa insimbi evamile yekhabhoni.
I-Aluminium Zirconium Carbon (Al₂o₃-Zro₂-C): I-Zirconium Oxide (ZRO₂) yengezwe kwi-aluminium carbon ukwenza ngcono ukumelana nokuvuka okuphezulu kakhulu nokushaqeka kwe-thermal, futhi kufanelekile ngensimbi ekhethekile yensimbi noma amanye amabanga akhethekile ensimbi noma amanye amabanga akhethekile ensimbi noma amanye amabanga akhethekile ensimbi noma amanye amabanga akhethekile ensimbi noma amanye amabanga akhethekile ensimbi.
I-High-Alumina: Nge-High-Alumina Bauxite njengento ebalulekile eluhlaza, ilungele izikhathi ezidingayo noma ukusakazwa kwensimbi ejwayelekile, futhi inezindleko eziphansi.
I-Magnesium-Carbon (MGo-C): Nge-Magnesium Oxide (MGO) njenge-matrix, kufakwa izinsiza zekhabhoni, zilungele imvelo ephezulu ye-alkal noma amamaki akhethekile.
I-Quartz esetshenzisiwe: Isetshenziselwa ukuphonsa ama-alloys aphansi amakhabhoni noma ama-alerroy angewona ama-ferrous, inokumelana okuhle okushisayo, kodwa ukumelana nokuguguleka okubuthakathaka.
Izinto ze-Composite: Njengama-nozzles ahlanganisiwe nge-zirconium oxide core kanye ne-aluminium alwinum yangaphandle, ehlanganisa izinzuzo zezinto ezahlukahlukene ukwenza kahle ukusebenza.

2. Idizayini yesakhiwo

Ama-nozzles abusayozivame ukugibela noma zine-conical, ezineziteshi eziqondile zokugeleza ngaphakathi (i-aperture ngokuvamile zingu-10-100 mm) ukulawula isilinganiso sokugeleza. Amanye ama-nozzles (afana nama-nozzles we-ukumbrion) aklanyelwe amajamo akhethekile, njengezimbobo eziseceleni noma izitolo ezi-elliptical, ukwenza ukwabiwa kwensimu yokugeleza kwensimbi encibilikini. Ungqimba lwangaphandle lungambozwa ngomkhono wensimbi (njengekhono lensimbi) ukuthuthukisa amandla okwenziwa ngomshini futhi uvikele ukuqhekeka okwethukile okushisayo.

3. Izithasiselo ezisebenzayo

Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza, izengezo ezilandelayo zivame ukungezwa kuma-nozzles abusayo:

Ama-antioxidants: njenge-silicon (SI) kanye ne-aluminium (al) powders, ukuvimbela izinto zekhabhoni kusuka ku-oxidizing emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Abazimele: njenge-oxides enjenge-calcium (CAO) ne-magnesium (MGO), ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuthuthumela okushisayo nokumelana nokuguguleka.

Ama-Binders: njengama-resins kanye asphalt, ukuthuthukisa amandla okubumba kanye nokuqina okushisa okuphezulu.

Imisebenzi ye-nozzles yokuphikisa

Ama-nozzles we-refractory enza imisebenzi ebalulekile emisebenzini ye-metallurgical ephezulu:

1. Ukulawulwa kokugeleza

Ama-nozzles aqambukelayo alawule kahle izinga lokugeleza nokugeleza kokuncibilika ngosayizi nokwakheka kweziteshi zazo zangaphakathi zokugeleza. Isibonelo, kwinqubo yokuphonsa okuqhubekayo, i-nozzle engaphansi esebenzisana nohlelo lwe-nozzle olusezingeni eliphansi ukuze ilungise isivinini lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe ingena kwi-crystallizer ifaka iziphambeko ezibangelwa ngokushesha okukhulu noma kancane kakhulu.

2. Vikela ukuncibilika

I-nozzle efakwe ngaphansi ejulile kwi-crystallizer ukuvikela insimbi encibilikisiwe ukuthi ivezwe emoyeni, yehlisa ukwakheka kwe-oxidation kanye nokwakheka kwe-accurion, futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi ye-billet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo obushelelezi wodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-nozzle unganciphisa isiyaluyalu ekuhambeni kokugeleza futhi unciphise ingozi yokufakwa kwe-slag.

3. Ukumelana okuphezulu nokuguguleka kokuguguleka

Le khasiI-nozzle eyakhiwe kabushaidinga ukumelana nomthelela wensimbi ebilisiwe noma i-slag ngo-1500-1700 ° C. Ukuphikiswa okuphezulu nokuphikisana nokuguguleka kokuqukethwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlala kuzinzile ngesikhathi sokukhokhwa okuningi futhi kwandisa impilo yayo yenkonzo.

4. Ukuqina okuthuthumelayo

Lapho iLatele ithathelwe indawo noma i-casting yaqalwa futhi ime, i-nozzle izothola ushintsho lokushisa olubukhali. Ama-nozzles asezingeni eliphakeme anciphisa ubungozi bokuqhekeka okushaqisayo okwethusayo ngokwakhiwa okubonakalayo kanye nokwakheka okuhlelekile.

5. Vimbela ukuvalwa

Ngensimbi ephezulu ye-aluminium noma ye-calcium-equkethe i-calcium, ukufakwa kwe-alumina kungenziwa kukhiqizwe ensimbi ebilisiwe, kubangele ukuvalwa kwe-nozzle. Ama-nozzles asetshenziswayo avame ukusebenzisa izinto zokulwa nama-anti-adhesion (njengezinto ezihlanganisiwe eziqukethe i-CAO) ukuvikela ukuvalwa kwe-CAO) ukuvikela ukukhiqizwa kwe-COOTH ancibilikisiwe (njenge-cao · al₂o₃).

Izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza zama-nozzles abusayo

Ama-nozzles asetshenziswayo asetshenziswa kabanzi kule mikhakha elandelayo:

1. I-Iron nensimbi Metallurgy

I-Ladle: Ama-nozzles aphezulu nangaphansi asetshenziswa ezansi kweLadle, futhi abambisane nohlelo lwe-nozzle olushelelayo ukulawula ukuhamba kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ku-tundish.
Stundish: I-nozzle yokuqoqa kanye ne-nozzle egxilile isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa insimbi encibilikisiwe kusuka ku-tundish kwi-crystallizer ukwenza inqubo eqhubekayo yokuphonsa.
Isiguquli kanye nothando lukagesi: Ama-nozzles asetshenziswayo asetshenziselwa ukuphuma kwensimbi ukuze akwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka kwensimbi eliphakeme lokushisa elibunjiwe kanye ne-slag.

2.

Ekubhemeni kwezinsimbi ezingezona ezingezinhle njenge-aluminium, yethusi, kanye ne-magnesium, kusetshenziselwa ama-nozzls asetshenziswayo ukuze kuncibilike ukuhambisa kanye nokuphonsa, njengeziqondiso ze-nozzles e-alumininum alloy casting.

I-3. Imboni yengilazi ne-ceramic

I-RefActory nozzles isetshenziselwa ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwengilazi ephakeme yokushisa noma i-ceramic inhlumalo, futhi kufanele ibe nokumelana nokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokuqina kobukhulu.

4. Ezinye izimboni ezishisa kakhulu

Njenge-desinerators kadoti, ama-reactors amakhemikhali aphezulu, njll.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza yezimpawu zokubuyela emuva

Ukukhiqizwa kwama-nozzles avundayo kubandakanya izinqubo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwazo kuhlangabezana namazinga wezimboni:

1. Ukukhethwa okungavuthiwe kwezinto ezibonakalayo nezithako
Khetha i-Alumina ephezulu yokuhlanza, i-zirconium oxide, i-graphite nezinye izinto ezingavuthiwe, futhi zilawule ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kokungcola. Faka ama-antioxidants, ama-linders, njll. Ngokwesilinganiso sefomula bese uxuba ngokulinganayo.

2. Ukubumba
Sebenzisa i-Isstatic Prespicting noma ubuchwepheshe bokuhlolisisa kwengcindezi yokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo se-nozzle siminyene futhi isiteshi sokugeleza sinembile. Amanye ama-nozzles (afana nama-nozzles wokucwilisa) adinga ukwakhiwa abe bobunjwa abayinkimbinkimbi ngokubumba okunembile.

3. Isono
I-COPIng ekushiseni okuphezulu (1400-1800 ° C) esimweni esingenamsomo-mpilo noma esivikelayo (njenge-nitrogen) sithuthukisa amandla ezibonakalayo kanye nokuphikiswa okushisayo okushisayo. Eminye imikhiqizo isebenzisa i-secotem yesono noma ukwelashwa okushisa ukuze uphinde usebenze kahle ukusebenza.

4. Ukwelashwa komhlaba
IPolish isiteshi sokugeleza noma ukufaka ungqimba lwe-anti-adhesion (njenge-Zro₂ Coating) ukwenza ngcono ukumelana nokuqina. Ungqimba lwangaphandle lungambozwa ngomkhono wensimbi noma ukwelashwa okulwa no-oxidation.

5. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi
I-porongual, imifantu kanye nokunemba okubucayi kwe-nozzle kubhekwa ngezindlela zokuhlola ezingabhubhisi njenge-X-ray kanye ne-ultrasound. Ukuqina kokusebenza kabusha nokuguguleka kokuguguleka kuqinisekiswa ngovivinyo lokulingisa elebhu.

Izinzuzo zama-nozzles abusayo

Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwama-nozzles abusayo ezimbonini zokushisa okuphezulu zivela ezinzuzo zayo ezilandelayo:

Ukuqina okuphezulu: izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme nezinqubo zekhwalithi ephezulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-nozzles angasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezingejwayelekile, futhi impilo eyodwa ingafinyelela amahora amaningi kuya ezinsukwini eziningana.
Ukulawulwa okuqondile: Ukunemba kwe-Flow Channel Design kuqinisekisa ukuqina kokugeleza kokuncibilika futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukumelana nokuguguleka: Kunokumelana okuqinile kokuguguleka kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuguguleka kwemishini yensimbi ebilisiwe kanye ne-slag, ukunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa.
Ukuqina okushaqisayo
Idizayini ehlukahlukene: Ama-nozzles ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokucaciswa okuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zenqubo futhi ube nezimo ezahlukahlukene zezicelo.

Njengengxenye esemqoka yomkhakha wamazinga aphezulu, i-nozzle evumayo ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi efana nokumelana okuphezulu okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala nokulawulwa kokugeleza kanye nokulawula ukuphuma. Kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu "ngemuva kweqhawe le-scenes" ku-iron kanye nensimbi yensimbi, ukubhema insimbi okungelonakalanga kanye nezinye izimboni.