I-silicon carbide powder iyimpahla eluhlaza esetshenziswa ku-powder metallurgy; ngokukhethekile, i-silicon carbide emnyama isetshenziselwa ukucubungula izinto ezinamandla aphansi aqinile-njengensimbi ekhonjiwe nezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi-kanye nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi njengetshe nesikhumba. Ngokuphambene, i-silicon carbide eluhlaza ecwenge kakhulu isetshenziswa kaningi ukuze kugaywe ngokunemba kwezinto eziqinile neziphukayo, njenge-carbides enosimende (i-tungsten carbide), ingilazi ebonakalayo, nezitsha zobumba zekhwalithi ephezulu.
Umlando we-silicon carbide uwubufakazi bobuhlakani bomuntu. Nakuba kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ngesimo se-mineral moissanite engavamile kakhulu-etholakala kuphela ngamanani amancane kuma-meteorite-umhlaba wezimboni uthembele ngokuphelele ekukhiqizeni okwenziwe. Inqubo ye-Acheson isalokhu iyindinganiso yegolide yokukhiqiza, nakuba iye yacwengwa emashumini eminyaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo. Umphumela "oluhlaza" we-silicon carbide ube usugaywa, ugezwe, futhi uhlelwe ngokucophelela ube osayizi abahlukahlukene ukuze kwakhe i-silicon carbide abrasive powder esiyisebenzisa namuhla.
Ukugredwa kwalezi zimpushana kulawulwa izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-FEPA (Federation of European Producers of Abrasives), ANSI (American National Standards Institute), kanye ne-JIS (Amazinga Ezimboni ZaseJapane). Lawa mazinga aqinisekisa ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana kuyahambisana, okubalulekile ukuze kufinyelelwe ukuqedwa kwendawo okubikezelwayo ekusebenzeni kwe-lapping, polishing, kanye nokugaya. Impushana enosayizi wokusanhlamvu obanzi wokusatshalaliswa ingase ibangele ukuklwebheka okujulile endaweni yokusebenza entekenteke, kuyilapho impushana elawulwa ngokuqinile iqinisekisa isiphetho esifanayo, sekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ukuhlanzeka kwamakhemikhali kwe-silicon carbide abrasive powder kunquma izakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo kanye nokusebenza okuhlosiwe. Izimpushana ezinukayo zekhwalithi ephezulu zihlukaniswa ngokuqukethwe kwazo kwe-SiC, ngamaphesenti aphezulu ngokuvamile abonisa ubulukhuni obungcono nokusebenza kahle kokusika. Ngezansi kukhona incazelo enemininingwane yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okujwayelekile kwakho kokubili I-Silicon Carbide Emnyama Nokuhlaza.
| Isakhi | I-Black Silicon Carbide (%) | I-Silicon Carbide Ehlaza (%) |
|---|---|---|
| I-Silicon Carbide (SiC) | 98.00 - 98.80 | 99.00 - 99.50 |
| Ikhabhoni yamahhala (C) | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 0.15 |
| I-Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.10 |
| Izinto Zezibuthe | ≤ 0.005 | ≤ 0.003 |
| Okunye Ukungcola | Landela | Landela |
Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-silicon carbide eluhlaza (okuvame ukudlula u-99% we-SiC) kufinyelelwa ngokukhethwa kwempahla eluhlaza okuqinile nokulawula okunembe kakhudlwana komkhathi wesithando somlilo. Lokhu kuhlanzeka okuphezulu kuhumusha kusakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esibukhali nokusebenza okungcono ezinhlelweni zokugaya ezinembayo eziphezulu.
Ukusebenza komshini kwe-silicon carbide abrasive powder yikho okuyenza ihluke kuma-abrasives endabuko njenge-aluminium oxide noma i-garnet. Ukuqina kwayo kanye nokuzinza kokushisa kuphakathi kwezinto eziphakeme kakhulu zokwenziwa. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izici eziyinhloko zemishini nezomzimba ezichaza ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezimboni.
| Impahla | Inani Elijwayelekile | Iyunithi yokulinganisa |
|---|---|---|
| Isakhiwo Sekristalu | I-Hexagonal/Alpha | - |
| Mohs Ukuqina | 9.2 - 9.5 | Isikali 1-10 |
| Ukuqina kwe-Knoop (K100) | 2400 - 2800 | kg/mm² |
| Ukuminyana | 3.15 - 3.25 | g/cm³ |
| I-Melting Point | 2,730 (Ukuhlukaniswa) | °C |
| I-Thermal Conductivity | 60 - 150 | W/m·K |
| Amandla Acindezelayo | 3.9 - 4.5 | I-GPa |
Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo zemishini, i-silicon carbide ayiyona nje kuphela i-abrasive enhle kakhulu kodwa futhi iyimpahla ephikisayo ephakeme kakhulu. Ikhono layo lokugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nobulukhuni emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-1,000°C iyenza ilungele ifenisha yeziko lokushisa eliphezulu nezishintshisi zokushisa.
I-silicon carbide abrasive powder inikeza isethi eyingqayizivele yezinzuzo ezenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwemisebenzi yezimboni enzima. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zisebenza kahle ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Lezi zinzuzo zihumusha ngokuqondile ukonga izindleko zabakhiqizi ngokunciphisa ukuguga kwamathuluzi nokwandisa isivinini somjikelezo wokukhiqiza. Emisebenzini yokugaya enesivinini esikhulu, ikhono le-silicon carbide abrasive powder ukugcina "iluma" liphumela ekudluleni okumbalwa okudingekayo kanye nokuqeda okuphezulu.
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-silicon carbide abrasive powder kuyivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe ezimbonini eziningi. Kusukela ekukhiqizeni okujwayelekile kuya kubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo cishe akunamkhawulo.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ucwaningo olubalulekile luhilela imboni yelanga. Njengoba umhlaba ujikela emandleni avuselelekayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon ehlanzekile kakhulu yamaphaneli elanga kuncike kakhulu kumpushana ohuquzelayo we-silicon carbide wokusika ama-ingots e-silicon abe amawafa amancane. Ngenkathi ucingo lwedayimane seluthole ukuduma, i-SiC slurry isalokhu iyindlela ebucayi yezicelo ezicacile eziphakeme kulo mkhakha.
Nakuba zombili izinhlobo zisebenzisa amakhemikhali ayisisekelo afanayo, umehluko ocashile phakathi kwe-silicon carbide abrasive powder emnyama neluhlaza ubalulekile emiphumeleni ethile yezimboni. I-silicon carbide emnyama ikhiqizwa ngokusabela kwe-silica nekhabhoni ngenani elincane likasawoti kanye ne-sawdust. Ukuba khona kwalezi zithako kubangela ukuhlanzeka okuphansi kodwa kudala okusanhlamvu okuqinile okuhle kakhulu ekugayeni umsebenzi osindayo wezinto ezifana netshe nensimbi.
I-silicon carbide eluhlaza ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinga eliphezulu lezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi ngaphandle kwezithasiselo ezithile, okuholela kukristalu oluhlaza ohlanzekile, ocwebezelayo. Iyathandeka kakhulu (iphuka kalula) kune-SiC emnyama, ezwakala njengembi, kodwa empeleni iyinzuzo yemisebenzi enembile. I-friability ephezulu iqinisekisa ukuthi i-abrasive ihlala ibukhali kukho konke ukuphila kwayo, okuyenza ibe yinketho yokuqala yokugaya amathuluzi e-tungsten carbide kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezinemba kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kwe-silicon carbide abrasive powder kunqunywa kakhulu ubukhulu bayo begrit. Ama-grits ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa abe ama-Macro grits (F8 kuya ku-F220) kanye nama-Micro grits (F230 kuya ku-F2000). Izinga le-FEPA liwuphawu lokuma komhlaba oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kulawa masayizi.
Isibonelo, i-F60 grit powder imahhadlahhadla uma kuqhathaniswa futhi isetshenziselwa ukususa izinto ezisindayo, njengokugaya phansi ama-castings. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impushana ye-F1200 iyinto efana nofulawa ecoleke ngokwedlulele esetshenziselwa ukupholishwa kokugcina kwezibuko zetheleskopu noma ukuncishiswa kwamawafa angama-semiconductor. Ukufinyelela "I-Perfect Polish" kudinga inqubo yezigaba eziningi lapho uchwepheshe eqala khona ngempushana ehuqayo ye-silicon carbide futhi kancane kancane eya kumagrits acolekileyo ukuze asuse imihuzuko eshiywe yisinyathelo sangaphambilini.
Izibalo zemakethe zibonisa ukuthi isidingo sezimpushana ezinosayizi omncane sikhula ngesivinini esisheshayo kune-grits enkulu, eqhutshwa ukuncishiswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokuqedwa okunembayo okuphezulu emkhakheni we-aerospace. Ngokwemibiko yakamuva yezimboni, imakethe ye-Micro-grit SiC kulindeleke ukuthi ibone i-CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) engaphezu kuka-5.5% kuya ku-2030.
Okunye okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwesimanje kwe-silicon carbide abrasive powder akuyona into elimazayo, kodwa njengesandulela samawafa e-SiC asetshenziswa kugesi wamandla. Kodwa-ke, i-abrasive powder ngokwayo idlala indima emibili lapha. Ekwenziweni kwalawa mawafa, i-SiC powder isetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza ezinhlelweni ze-Physical Vapor Transport (PVT) ukuze kukhule ama-boules e-SiC e-crystal eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-boule isikhulile, kufanele isikwe futhi ipholishwe kusetshenziswa i-silicon carbide abrasive powder ukuze kuzuzwe indawo "elungele i-epi" edingekayo ekwenzeni ama-chip.
Ama-semiconductors e-silicon carbide aphakeme kune-silicon yendabuko ngoba angakwazi ukuphatha ama-voltage aphezulu, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, futhi abe nesivinini sokushintsha ngokushesha. Lokhu kubenza babaluleke kakhulu kuma-inverter kagesi kuTesla nezinye izimoto zikagesi. Njengoba imakethe ye-EV ikhula, lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka—kusuka ku-silicon carbide abrasive powder eluhlaza kuya kumojula yamandla eqediwe—ibona ukutshalwa kwezimali okungakaze kubonwe kanye nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe.
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezimboni, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-silicon carbide abrasive powder kunemiphumela yemvelo. Inqubo ye-Acheson idinga amandla amaningi futhi ikhiqiza i-carbon dioxide njengomkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi besimanje basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula i-carbon futhi bashintshela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo ukuze banikeze amandla izithando zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphila isikhathi eside nokusebenza kahle kwe-SiC njenge-abrasive kusho ukuthi kudingeka impahla encane ukwenza umsebenzi othile uma kuqhathaniswa nama-abrasives athambile, okunciphisa umfudlana wonke.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha emsebenzini, i-silicon carbide ibhekwa "njengothuli oluyinkathazo." Nakuba kungenabo ubuthi, imvelo ebukhali yezinhlayiya isho ukuthi ukukhipha uthuli okufanele kanye nempahla yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE) kuyimpoqo ezindaweni zezimboni. Ukuphatha ngendlela efanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zalokhu okubalulekile zingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni impilo yabasebenzi.
Umkhiqizi omkhulu wengxenye ye-aerospace usanda kushintsha kusukela ekusebenziseni amasondo e-aluminum oxide evamile kuya kumabhande e-silicon carbide-coated kanye nezimpushana zokuqedela izindwani ze-turbine ezenziwe ngama-alloys e-titanium. Imiphumela yayibalulekile. Ngokusebenzisa ubulukhuni obuphakeme kanye nezakhiwo ezishisayo ze-silicon carbide abrasive powder, umkhiqizi ubike ukuncishiswa kwe-30% ngesikhathi sokucubungula i-blade ngayinye kanye nokwenyuka kwe-20% esikhathini sokuphila semidiya e-abrasive.
Isenzo esibukhali sokusika se-SiC powder sivimbele "ukugcotshwa" kwendawo ye-titanium, inkinga evamile ngama-abrasives athambile avame ukuholela ekulimaleni okungaphezulu kanye nobuthakathaka besakhiwo. Lolu cwaningo lwecala lugqamisa ukuthi ukushintshela ku-silicon carbide ehlanzekile kakhulu kungaba nomthelela kanjani kumugqa ophansi kanye nekhwalithi yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphepha.
Lapho uthenga i-silicon carbide abrasive powder, ukungaguquguquki kwekhwalithi kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu. Abasebenzisi bezimboni kufanele babheke abahlinzeki abahlinzeka ngemibiko ebanzi yokuhlaziya iqoqo (BAR) noma Izitifiketi Zokuhlaziya (COA). Le mibhalo kufanele iqinisekise okuqukethwe kwe-SiC, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana (PSD), namazinga okungcola.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo somzimba sokusanhlamvu sibalulekile. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, okusanhlamvu okuvinjiwe kukhethwa ukuze kuqine, kanti kwabanye, okusanhlamvu okubukhali, okufana nenaliti kuyadingeka ekusikeni okunolaka. Umphakeli ochwepheshile uzohlinzeka ngomumo ohlukahlukene wokusanhlamvu kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo (njengokwelashwa kokushisa noma ukugcotshwa ngamakhemikhali) ukuze kuthuthukiswe impushana emishinini ethile yekhasimende kanye nezidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ikusasa le-silicon carbide abrasive powder libukeka liqhakazile, liqhutshwa "i-Three Electrifications": ukufakwa kukagesi kwezokuthutha, ukufakwa kukagesi kugridi, kanye nokufakwa kukagesi ukushisa kwezimboni. Njengoba izimboni zomhlaba wonke ziqhubekela phambili ezintweni ezisebenza kahle neziqinile, isidingo sokuthi i-SiC ilolonge futhi iqedele lezi zinto sizokhula kuphela.
Ukuqamba okusha nakho kuyenzeka esikalini se-nano. Izimpushana ze-nano-silicon carbide ziyacwaningwa ukuze zisetshenziswe ezingxenyeni eziqinisiwe zensimbi-matrix kanye nezingubo zobumba ezithuthukisiwe. Lezi zinto zithembisa ukuletha izilinganiso zamandla nesisindo ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili, ezingaguqula ubunjiniyela besakhiwo emashumini eminyaka ezayo. I-silicon carbide ayisekho nje "uthuli lokugaya"; kuyisisekelo sekusasa lobuchwepheshe.
Kafushane, i-silicon carbide abrasive powder iyithuluzi lezimboni elingavamile elichazwa ngobulukhuni balo bedayimane eliseduze, ukuguquguquka okungavamile kokushisa, nokuqina kwamakhemikhali. Sihlole ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali, saqaphela amazinga aphezulu okuhlanzeka adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwezinga eliphezulu, futhi sabuyekeza ukusebenza kwayo komshini, okugqamisa indima yayo ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Kusukela ekugayeni umsebenzi osindayo wensimbi ewukhonkolo ene-SiC emnyama ukuya ekupholishweni okunembayo kwama-semiconductors ane-SiC eluhlaza, ukusebenzisana kwezinto ezihlukahlukene akufaniswe. Izinzuzo zayo, njengesakhiwo se-crystalline esibukhali kanye nokumelana nokushisa okushisayo, kunikeza izinzuzo ezibonakalayo mayelana nokusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi. Njengoba izimboni zithuthuka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezimoto zikagesi kanye ne-aerospace, i-silicon carbide izohlala iyimpahla ebaluleke kakhulu kukhithi yamathuluzi okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke.
1. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-powder abrasive ye-silicon carbide emnyama neluhlaza?
I-silicon carbide emnyama iqukethe ukungcola okuthe xaxa futhi iqinile, iyenza ilungele izinto zamandla eziqinile ezifana nensimbi ekhonjiwe netshe. I-silicon carbide eluhlaza inobumsulwa obuphakeme (imvamisa > 99%) futhi iyanyakazeka, iyenze ibe ngcono ekugayweni okunembayo kwezinto eziqinile njenge-tungsten carbide nengilazi yokubona.
2. Ingabe i-silicon carbide abrasive powder ingaphinda isetshenziswe?
Yebo, ezinhlelweni eziningi ezifana ne-sandblasting noma izinqubo ezithile zokudonsa, i-SiC ingabuyiselwa futhi isetshenziswe kabusha izikhathi ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi iyakwazi ukunwebeka, izinhlayiya zizohlukana zibe osayizi abancane ngokusetshenziswa ngakunye, ekugcineni zilahlekelwe ukusebenza kwazo kokucaciswa kwangempela.
3. Ingabe i-silicon carbide ilukhuni kune-aluminium oxide?
Yebo, i-silicon carbide inzima kakhulu kune-aluminium oxide. Esikalini se-Mohs, i-SiC ilinganisa ku-9.2 kuya ku-9.5, kuyilapho i-aluminium oxide ilingana no-9.0. Lokhu kwenza i-SiC ibe ngcono ekunqandeni ngokusebenzisa izinto eziqinile noma eziphukayo.
4. Ingabe i-silicon carbide powder iyingozi?
I-SiC ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengengeyona enobuthi futhi ayihlukaniswa njenge-carcinogen. Nokho, njenganoma iyiphi impushana ecolekile, ukuyihogela kungabangela ukucasuka kokuphefumula. Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa umoya ofanele futhi ugqoke imaski yothuli noma umshini wokuphefumula lapho uphethe impushana esimweni esomile.
5. Ngingawukhetha kanjani usayizi wegrit olungile wephrojekthi yami?
Ukukhetha kuncike ekuqedeni okufunayo. Izinombolo zegrit ephansi (isb., F24, F36) zimahhadla futhi zisetshenziselwa ukususwa kwezinto ngokushesha. Izinombolo zegrit ephakeme (isb., F600, F1000) zilungile futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuqedwa okubushelelezi, okufana nesibuko. Ngokuvamile, iphrojekthi idinga ukulandelana kwamagrits ukusuka kokumahhadla kuya kokuhle.
6. Ingabe i-silicon carbide abrasive powder iphelelwa yisikhathi?
Cha, i-silicon carbide iyiminerali ezinzile kumakhemikhali futhi ayiphelelwa yisikhathi noma yonakalise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma igcinwe endaweni eyomile, ehlanzekile. Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko ngesikhathi sokugcina ukuvimbela ukumuncwa komswakama, okungabangela ukuba impushana igoqe.
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