Intengo ye-Ferrosilicon ngethani ngalinye: Umhlahlandlela ophelele wabathengi

Uma uthenga i-Ferrosilicon ngokwenza insimbi, ukusakaza, noma ukusetshenziswa kwetholile, enye yemibuzo yakho emikhulu ilula: Iyini intengo ye-ferrosilicon ngethani ngalinye?

Impendulo akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba izinguquko zamanani ngebanga, okuqukethwe yi-silicon, usayizi, ukungcola, izinto zomhlaba jikelele. Kulesi umhlahlandlela, sichaza konke ngesiNgisi esicacile, esilula ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini eshayela intengo nokuthi ungathenga kanjani ngobuchule. Singumkhiqizi oqondile we-ferrosilicon nomhlinzeki, futhi sibhale lo mhlahlandlela osuselwa kuma-oda wangempela, izindleko zokukhiqiza zangempela, kanye nokulandela ngemakethe yansuku zonke.

Iyini intengo ejwayelekile ye-ferrosilicon ngethani ngalinye?

Intengo ngethani ngalinye lincike ebangeni nangezimo zemakethe. Ukukunikeza umbono osebenzayo, nakhu ukuthi amanani entengo avame ukugcwala kanjani emakethe ejwayelekile (hhayi isilinganiso, ibanga nje lokukusiza ukuhlela):

• I-Fesi 75%: Intengo ephakeme
• I-Fesi 72%: Intengo ephakathi nendawo
• I-Fesi 65%: Intengo ephansi
• I-aluminium ephansi, ephansi yekhabhoni, noma esonakele ukungcola kwe-Ferrosilicon: I-Premium
• I-powder noma i-Ferrosilicon: I-Premium Encane Ngenxa Yokucutshungulwa Okungeziwe
• Ibanga le-Wire Cored: I-Premium

Kungani singenakubhala inani elinqunyelwe lapha? Ngoba i-Ferrosilicon iyinto ethengiswayo. Amanani ashintsha masonto onke, kwesinye isikhathi nsuku zonke, asuselwa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, izindleko zikagesi, amanani okushintshaniswa, kanye nesidingo se-Global. IFreight nayo ingaba yingxenye enkulu yezindleko zakho. Intengo enembile, yamanje ngethoni ethekwini lakho noma endaweni yokugcina, sicela uxhumane nathi ngebanga lakho, usayizi, ubungako, indawo, kanye nanoma yiziphi izidingo ezikhethekile. Siphendula ngesilinganiso esiqinile nesikhathi sokuhola.

Izici ezibalulekile ezithinta intengo ye-Ferrosilicon

1. Okuqukethwe kwe-silicon (ibanga)

• Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-silicon kudinga i-quartz eningi kanye nogesi ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke i-Fesi 75% ibiza kakhulu kune-FESI 65%.
• Ukulawulwa okuqinile kokungcola (njenge-al, c, P, s) kunezela izindleko, ngoba idinga izinto ezingcono nokulawulwa kwenqubo.
• Amamaki akhethekile, njenge-aluminium ephansi (<1.0%) noma i-low-carbon ferrosilicon, kubiza ngaphezulu

2. Imikhawulo yokungcola kanye nokucaciswa

• I-Aluminium (Al): I-AL ephansi ilindelwe ngensimbi ensimbi kanye nensimbi ye-silicon. Ngayinye i-0.1% pumpeli spec ingacindezela intengo phezulu.
• I-Carbon (C): i-powder ye-orewred ye-cored ivame ukudinga i-C. ephansi yenezela izindleko.
• I-Phosphorus (P) kanye nesibabule (ama): Phansi kakhulu p kanti kunzima kakhulu ukukhiqiza nokubiza kakhulu.
• Izakhi zokulandela umkhondo: Uma udinga imikhawulo eqinile ku-CA, TI, B, noma abanye, lindela iprimiyamu.

3. Usayizi nokucubungula

• Amasayizi ajwayelekile we-lump abiza imali engaphansi kwezingxenyana ezihlolwe ngokukhethekile.
• I-powder (0-3 mm) idinga ukuchoboza, ukugaya, nokuvinjwa-lokhu kukhulisa intengo kancane.
• Ukubekezelelwa kosayizi oqinile kakhulu kunciphisa isivuno kanye nokuphakamisa izindleko.

4. Izindleko zokukhiqiza

• Ugesi:Ferrosiliconkunamandla amakhulu. Amanani kagesi athinta ngqo izindleko zothando ngethani.
• Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ukuhlanzeka kwe-Quartz, ikhwalithi ye-coke, nemithombo yensimbi yonke ishintsha ngentengo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ama-electrodes: Ama-electrodes we-Graphite asebenza kakhulu; Intengo yabo yemakethe iyashintshana.
• Ukusebenza kahle: Izithelo Zokwelashwa Kwamanje kanye Nezindleko Eziphansi Zokubuyiselwa Kwegesi, kepha amayunithi amadala abiza okuningi asebenze.

5. Izimpahla kanye Nezinto

• Ukulethwa kwasendaweni vs. cif echwebeni lakho kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Izindlela zokuthwala izimpahla zasolwandle ngophethiloli, umzila, kanye nesizini.
• I-Inland Fourling, imali ekhokhwayo, imvume yenkambiso, kanye nemisebenzi engeza izindleko ezifakiwe.
• Uhlobo lwesiqukathi nokulayisha: Break Bulk, 20 ' 40' iziqukathi, noma izikhwama eziningi (amathoni ayi-1-ton) ukushintsha izindleko nokusingathwa.

6. Amanani wokushintshanisa kanye nemigomo yokukhokha

• Amandla e-USD vs. imali yasendaweni ingashintsha amanani entengo yokuthumela ngaphandle.
• Imibandela yokukhokha ende noma i-akhawunti evulekile ingangeza imali ye-premium yezezimali; I-LC lapho ibona kungenzeka ngentengo ehlukile kune-TT.

7. Izidingo zemakethe kanye nemicimbi yomhlaba wonke

• Imijikelezo yokukhiqiza yensimbi, ukusetshenziswa kwemali yokwakha, kanye namaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda adinga ukufunwa.
• Ukuvalwa kwezikhathi ezithile, ukuhlolwa kwezemvelo, noma izigqoko zamandla kungavimba ukuhanjiswa futhi kuqhume amanani entengo.
• Imicimbi ye-Geopolitical kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuthumela kuthinta izimpahla nokutholakala

Ungayithola kanjani intengo enembile ye-Ferrosilicon ngethani ngalinye

Ukwamukela isilinganiso esiqinile ngokushesha, wabelane ngokulandelayo:

• Ibanga: I-Fesi 75 72 65 noma ngokwezifiso
• Imikhawulo yamakhemikhali: Al, C, P, S, CA, TI, kanye nanoma yiziphi izidingo ezikhethekile
• Usayizi: 0-3 mm, 3-10 mm, 10-50 mm, 10-100 mm, noma enziwe ngomsila
• Inani: Ukuhleleka kwesilingo nevolumu yanyanga zonke noma yonyaka
• Ukupakishwa: Izikhwama zeTon-ton jumbo, izikhwama ezincane ku-pallet, noma inqwaba
• Indawo oyithayo: I-Port nama-Insoterms (FFR, CFR, CIF, DDP)
• Imibandela Yokukhokha: LC, TT, abanye
• Isidingo Sesikhathi Sokulethwa

Ngalolu lwazi, singaqinisekisa inani ngethani ngalinye, isikhathi sokuhola, kanye nesheduli yokuthumela kungakapheli amahora angama-24-48.

Ukuqonda Izindleko Izindleko: Kusuka efektri uye emnyango wakho

1. Intengo ye-EX-Works (Exw)

• Intengo eyisisekelo yefektri yebanga elishiwo nosayizi, igcwele futhi ilungele ukuthathwa.
• Kubandakanya izinto zokwakha eziluhlaza, ugesi, abakhandleka kanye naphezulu.

2. Intengo Fob

• I-ExW Plus Pull Domain to the Port, Port Handling, kanye Nokuthumela Amasiko.
• Uma uhlela ukuthwala izimpahla olwandle, sicaphuna i-fob.

3. Cfr CIF Intengo

• I-CFR: FROB Plus Ocean Freight echwebeni lakho elinegama.
• CIF: CRR Plus Marine Insurance.
• Lesi yiyona evame kakhulu kubathengi bamazwe aphesheya abaphatha ukusulwa kwendawo ngokwabo.

4. Izindleko ezifakiwe (i-DDP noma esitolo sakho)

• Ngeza izindleko zokuya ezisembongi, imisebenzi yamasiko, i-VAT noma i-GST, ukulethwa kwendawo.
• Singacaphuna i-DDP ezimakethe eziningi ukukunikeza intengo yendlu ngendlu ngethani.

Ukufakwa okujwayelekile nokulayisha okukhethwa kukho

• Izikhwama zeJumbo (1,000 kg): ethandwa kakhulu. Kuqinile, kuphephile, kulula ukufaka isitaki kanye nokulayisha.
• Izikhwama ezincane (25-50 kg) kuma-pallets: ngokungezwa okuncane nokuphatha okuthengiswayo.
• Inqwaba ezitsheni: Izindleko eziphansi zokupakisha kepha zidinga ukugcwala ngokucophelela nokusingathwa.
• Isithiyo sokuswakama umswakama: Ama-Interner PE asiza ukunciphisa ukumuncwa komswakama, ikakhulukazi nge-powder enhle.
• I-Palletization: Ama-Pallet Okhuni noma epulasitiki, ngokugoqwa okuncipha, ngokuqina.

Ikhwalithi nokuhlolwa

Siyaqonda ukuthi ikhwalithi ibaluleke njengentengo. Izilawuli zethu zekhwalithi zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okuluhlaza: Ukuhlanzeka kwe-Quartz Sio2, umlotha weCoke, okuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo.
• Ukulawulwa kokuthwala: Ukuqashwa okuqhubekayo kokushisa, umthwalo, kanye nesikhundla se-electrode.
• Ukuhlunga nokuhlola: Ukushisa ngakunye kuyasampula futhi kuhlaziywe yi-spectrometer ye-SI, al, c, P, S.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwesihlungo: Izingxenyana zikasayizi zihlolwa ngokumelene ne-oda le-oda.
• Ukulawulwa komswakama: ikakhulukazi ngempuphu nokuhanjiswa kwemvula.
• Ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kweqembu lesithathu: SGS, BV, noma umhloli wakho ophakanyisiwe atholakala ngaphambi kokuthumela.
• Izitifiketi: COA (isitifiketi sokuhlaziywa), uhlu lokupakisha, ama-MSDS, kanye nezitifiketi zemvelaphi ezinikeziwe.

Ungaqhathanisa kanjani okunikezwayo kusuka kubathengisi abahlukahlukene

Lapho uthola izingcaphuno eziningi, bheka ngaphesheya kwentengo yekhanda ngethani ngalinye. Qhathanisa:

• Ibanga kanye nemikhawulo yamakhemikhali: Ingabe u-al, c, p, s okufanayo?
• Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi: Ingabe uhla lwesayizi efanayo nokubekezelelana?
• Ukupakishwa: Uhlobo lwesikhwama seJumbo, i-liner, i-palletization, kanye nokulebula.
• Ama-Incoterms: Fob vs. cif vs vs. ddp kushintsha okufakiwe.
• Ukulayisha isisindo: Isisindo se-Net ngesitsha ngasinye (e.g., 25-27 amathani) athinta izimpahla ngethani ngalinye.
• Isikhathi sokulethwa: bangathumela ohlelweni lwakho?
• Imibandela Yokukhokha: Izindleko ziyehluka phakathi kwe-LC ne-TT.
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi: Ingabe i-COA nokuphihloka komuntu wesithathu kufakiwe?

Umehluko omncane ku-aluminium noma usayizi ungachaza igebe elikhulu lentengo. Qiniseka ukuthi uqhathanisa nokufana (ama-aphula kuma-apula).

Izindlela zokunciphisa izindleko zakho ze-Ferrosilicon ngethani ngalinye

• Khetha ibanga elifanele: Ungacacisi ngokweqile. NxaI-Fesi 72Ihlangabezana neMetallurgy yakho, kungenzeka ungadingi i-Fesi 75.
• Lungiselela usayizi: Sebenzisa osayizi abajwayelekile ngaphandle kokuthi kunesizathu sobuchwepheshe sezingxenyana ezikhethekile.
• Oda ngevolumu: Ama-oda amakhulu anciphisa ukuguquguquka kokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zokuthumela ngethani ngalinye.
• Ukuhlanganisa Ukuhanjiswa: Imithwalo Egxile Egcwele (FCL) ishibhile ngethani ngalinye kune-LCL.
• Ukulethwa okuvumelana nezimo: Gwema izinkathi zonyaka we-Peak noma ukugcwala ethekwini lapho amanani empahla aphezulu.
• Izinkontileka zesikhathi eside: Khiya ngamanani okuphatha ukuguquguquka futhi uqinisekise ukuhanjiswa.
• Nikeza ngemikhawulo yokungcola enengqondo: Ama-specs acwebezelayo abiza ngaphezulu. Setha imikhawulo ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zenqubo.

Ngabe intengo ye-Ferrosilicon ilingana kuphi kwizindleko zakho eziphelele?

Emisebenzini yensimbi kanye ne-fordry, i-Ferrosilicon imvamisa ingamaphesenti amancane enani eliphelele lincibilike. Noma kunjalo, ibanga elifanele nosayizi bangakusindisa imali ngo:

• Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-oxidation
• Ukwenza ngcono isivuno kanye nezakhiwo zemishini
• Ukufushanisa isikhathi se-tap-to-tap
• Ukunciphisa kabusha kabusha kanye nesikhafu

Izinto ezishibhile ezibangela ukwenqatshwa okwengeziwe noma izikhathi zokushisa ezingaphezulu zingabiza kakhulu ekugcineni. Inani lentengo nokusebenza.

Isifinyezo samanje semakethe:

Qaphela: Lokhu kungukubuka okujwayelekile. Ngamanani abukhoma, xhumana nathi.

• Isidingo: uzinzile ukuze uqine emibonweni yensimbi yokwakha kanye ne-rouctile yensimbi. Umkhakha we-auto uqinile; I-Wind Power Casting Discumfunt iyahluka ngesifunda.
• Ukuhlinzekwa: izinqubomgomo zamandla kanye namasheke emvelo athinta imisebenzi yokuhambisa. Lapho ukuhlolwa kukhuphuka, amaconsi okuphuma namanani akhuphuka.
• Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Ukunikezwa kwe-quartz kuyaqina; Amanani entengo e-coke aguquguqukayo ngamalahle. Amanani e-Electrode angavuka ngokushesha lapho ukufunwa kwe-graphite kuthathwa.
• Imithwalo: Amanani olwandle angashintsha ngophethiloli kanye nokuphazamiseka kwendlela. Ukuhlela kusengaphambili kusiza ukugwema ama-spikes.

I-Fesi 75 vs. Fesi 72 vs. Fesi 65: Okufanele ukhethe?

• I-Fesi 75%: Okuhle kakhulu kwizicelo ezidinga okokufaka okuphezulu kwe-silicon namanani aphansi wokungeza. Kuvame ukukhethwa ngensimbi esezingeni eliphakeme nensimbi ye-silicon. Intengo ephakeme kepha esebenza kahle.
• I-Fesi 72%: Iningi elijwayelekile futhi elibiza kakhulu ukuze i-general dexidation kanye ne-inoculation. Ukusebenza okulinganiselayo nentengo.
• I-Fesi 65%: Ibhajethi-inobungane futhi isetshenziswe lapho imfuneko ye-silicon iphansi noma lapho izindleko zingumshayeli oyinhloko.

Uma ungaqiniseki, yabelana ngokuzilolonga kwakho kokuncibilika, i-silicon ekhonjiwe ngensimbi noma yensimbi, nangendlela yakho yokungeza. Sizoncoma ibanga elifanele nosayizi, bese sicaphuna inani elihle kakhulu ngethani ngalinye.

Osayizi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza

• I-10-50 mm noma i-10-100 mm: I-ladle kanye nesithando sengeze ensimbi kanye nokwenza insimbi.
• I-3-10 mm: Ukungezelelwa kwe-ladle eqondile, ukugcwaliswa kocingo okuhlanganisiwe, noma i-foculation etholwayo.
• I-0-3 mm powder: yokukhiqiza izintambo noma izidingo ezisheshayo zokuqothula.

Ukuphatha nokuphepha

• Gcina endaweni eyomile. I-Ferrosilicon iyazinza, kepha i-powder elungile ingasabela ngomswakama wokukhulula i-hydrogen kancane - iqinisekisa umoya omncane.
• Gwema ukuxuba i-powder enhle ngama-oxidizers aqinile.
• Sebenzisa i-PPE eyisisekelo ngesikhathi sokuphatha: amagilavu, imaski yothuli yempuphu, ama-goggles.

Isikhathi sokuhola nesikhathi sokukhiqiza

• Amamaki ajwayelekile: Imvamisa izinsuku ezingama-7- 15 ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kwe-oda, kuya ngenani.
• Ubumsulwa okhethekile noma osayizi abakhethekile: izinsuku eziyi-15-25.
• Ukukhishwa kwanyanga zonke: Izimsweni eziningi zivumela ukuhlinzekwa okuzinzile nokuhlelwa okuguqukayo.
• Ama-Orders aphuthumayo: Singabeka phambili ukuthunyelwa okuphuthumayo lapho kudingeka.

Imibhalo nokuhambisana

• Finyelela nama-rohs: Singanikeza izitatimende zokuhambisana uma zidingeka.
• I-MSDS: Iyatholakala kuwo wonke amabanga nosayizi.
• Izwe-lemvelaphi futhi lakha isitifiketi semvelaphi: Kunikezwe njengoba kudingeka.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

1. Kungani abahlinzeki abahlukahlukene benza amanani entengo ahlukene we-Ferrosilicon ebanga "elifanayo"?

• Umehluko omncane ngokukhawulelwa kokungcola, ukusatshalaliswa ngosayizi, ukupakisha, noma ama-nomboterms angashintsha izindleko. Bheka ukuphrinta okuhle.

2. Ngingakwazi ukuxuba i-Fesi 72 ne-FESI 75 kwisicelo esifanayo?

• Imvamisa Yebo, kepha lungisa inani lokungezwa elisuselwa kokuqukethwe kwe-silicon. Singasiza ukubala umthamo oqondile.

3. Yini impilo yeshalofu?

• UFerrosilicon akaphelelwa yisikhathi