Silicon carbide poda chinhu mbishi chinoshandiswa muupfu simbi; zvakananga, dema nesilicon carbide rinowanzo shandirwa kugadzirisa zvinhu zvine yakaderera tensile simba-zvakadai simbi yakakanda uye non-ferrous simbi-pamwe chete asiri-metallic zvinhu sedombo uye dehwe. Kusiyana neizvi, iyo yepamusoro-yakachena yegirini silicon carbide inonyanya kushandiswa pakukuya chaiko kwezvinhu zvakaoma uye zvakaputsika, senge simende carbides (tungsten carbide), girazi remaziso, uye zvemhando yepamusoro ceramics.
Nhoroondo yesilicon carbide chiratidzo chehungwaru hwevanhu. Nepo zvichingoitika zvoga muchimiro cheiyo isingawanzo shongedzerwa mineral moissanite-inowanikwa chete muhuwandu hwekuteedza meteorites-nyika yemaindasitiri inotsamira zvachose pakugadzirwa kwekugadzira. Iyo Acheson maitiro inoramba iri goridhe mwero wekugadzira, kunyangwe yakakwenenzverwa kwemakumi emakore kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba uye kuchena kwechigadzirwa. Iyo "yakashata" silicon carbide inozopwanywa, kugezwa, uye nekukwenenzverwa muhukuru hwakasiyana kugadzira iyo silicon carbide abrasive poda yatinoshandisa nhasi.
Kudhindwa kwehupfu uhu kunodzorwa nezviyero zvepasi rose zvakaita seFEPA (Federation of European Producers of Abrasives), ANSI (American National Standards Institute), uye JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards). Aya mazinga anovimbisa kuti kugovera saizi yechikamu kunoenderana, izvo zvakakosha kuti uwane fungidziro yekupedzisa kwepamusoro mukupwanya, kupukuta, uye kukuya mabasa. Hupfu ine hupamhi hwekugovera saizi yezviyo inogona kukonzera kukwenya kwakadzika mune yakapfava yebasa, nepo hupfu hwakanyatsodzorwa hunoita kuti yunifomu, yemhando yepamusoro kupera.
Iyo kemikari kuchena kwesilicon carbide abrasive poda inotaridza zvimiro zvayo zvemuviri uye chinangwa chekushandisa. Yepamusoro-mhando abrasive poda inoiswa muzvikamu neSiC zvemukati, nepamusoro pezana kazhinji inoratidza kuoma kuri nani uye kucheka kunyatsoita. Pazasi pane kudonhedzwa kwakadzama kweyakajairwa makemikari kuumbwa kune ese ari maviri Black uye Green Silicon Carbide.
| Chikamu | Black Silicon Carbide (%) | Green Silicon Carbide (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Silicon Carbide (SiC) | 98.00 - 98.80 | 99.00 - 99.50 |
| Kabhoni Yemahara (C) | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 0.15 |
| Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.10 |
| Magnetic Material | ≤ 0.005 | ≤ 0.003 |
| Zvimwe Zvisina Kuchena | Trace | Trace |
Kuchena kwepamusoro kwegirini silicon carbide (kazhinji inodarika 99% SiC) inowanikwa kuburikidza neyakaomesesa sarudzo yemidziyo uye nekudzora kwakaringana kwemhepo yevira. Uku kuchena kwepamusoro kunodudzira kune yakapinza zviyo chimiro uye kuita zvirinani mune yakakwirira-chaiyo yekukuya maapplication.
Iyo mechanic performance yesilicon carbide abrasive poda ndiyo inoitsaura kubva kune echinyakare abrasives sealuminium oxide kana garnet. Kuoma kwayo uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kuri pakati pepamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira. Tafura iri pazasi inotsanangura akakosha emuchina uye emuviri zvivakwa zvinotsanangura mashandisirwo ayo eindasitiri.
| Property | Typical Value | Measurement Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Crystal Structure | Hexagonal/Alpha | - |
| Mohs Kuoma | 9.2 - 9.5 | Chikero 1-10 |
| Knoop Hardness (K100) | 2400 - 2800 | kg/mm² |
| Density | 3.15 - 3.25 | g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 2,730 (Dissociation) | °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 60 - 150 | W/m·K |
| Compressive Strength | 3.9 - 4.5 | GPa |
Nekuda kweaya emuchina zvivakwa, silicon carbide haingori yakanakisa abrasive asiwo yepamusoro refractory zvinhu. Kugona kwayo kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwechimiro uye kuoma patembiricha inopfuura 1,000 ° C inoita kuti ive yakanaka kune yakakwira-tembiricha yehuni fenicha uye kupisa kunopisa.
Silicon carbide abrasive poda inopa yakasarudzika seti yemabhenefiti inoita kuti ive sarudzo yakasarudzika yekuda maindasitiri mabasa. Aya maitiro anovimbisa kuti zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanaka pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye kupisa kwakanyanya.
Aya mabhenefiti anoshandura zvakananga mukuchengetedza mutengo kune vanogadzira nekudzikisa maturusi ekupfeka uye nekuwedzera kukurumidza kwemagadzirirwo ekugadzira. Mukumhanya-mhanya kwekukuya, kugona kwesilicon carbide abrasive poda kuchengetedza "kurumwa" kwayo kunoguma mune mashoma anodiwa anopfuura uye yepamusoro yepamusoro kupera.
Iko kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwesilicon carbide abrasive poda inobvumira kuti ishandiswe mukati mehuwandu hwakawanda hwemaindasitiri. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwechinyakare kusvika kune yekucheka-kumucheto tekinoroji, mashandisirwo ayo anenge asina muganhu.
Mumakore achangopfuura, chiitiko chakakosha chekuongorora chinosanganisira iyo solar indasitiri. Sezvo nyika inotenderera yakananga kusimba rinogonekazve, kugadzirwa kwesilicon yakakwira-kuchena kwema solar panels kwaivimba zvakanyanya nesilicon carbide abrasive poda yekuchekeresa masilicon ingots kuita mawafer matete. Kunyange waya yedhaimani yawana mukurumbira, SiC slurry inoramba iri nzira yakakomba yeakanyanya-chaiyo maapplication muchikamu ichi.
Nepo marudzi ese ari maviri achigovana makemikari akakosha, misiyano yakapusa pakati pedema negirini silicon carbide abrasive poda yakakosha kune chaiwo maindasitiri mhedzisiro. Black silicon carbide inogadzirwa nekuita silica uye kabhoni ine munyu mushoma uye sawdust. Kuvapo kwezviwedzerwa izvi kunoguma nekuchena kwakadzikira asi kunogadzira tsanga yakasimba iyo yakanakira kukuya-inorema yemidziyo yakaita sedombo nesimbi yakakandwa.
Green silicon carbide inogadzirwa uchishandisa giredhi repamusoro rezvigadzirwa uye pasina zvimwe zvekuwedzera, zvichikonzera yakachena, yakawedzera kupenya girini yegirini. Inonyanya friable (inotsemuka zviri nyore) pane dema SiC, iyo inonzwika seyakaipa, asi inonyatso bhenefiti yemabasa chaiwo. Iyo yakakwirira friability inovimbisa kuti iyo abrasive inoramba yakapinza kwehupenyu hwayo hwose, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yekutanga yekukuya tungsten carbide maturusi uye yakakwirira-chaiyo yemagetsi zvikamu.
Kushanda kwesilicon carbide abrasive powder kunonyanya kutsanangurwa nehukuru hwayo hwegrit. Grits inowanzoiswa muMacro grits (F8 kusvika F220) uye Micro grits (F230 kusvika F2000). Iyo FEPA chiyero ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pasi rose bhenji kune aya saizi.
Semuenzaniso, F60 grit poda yakakora uye inoshandiswa kubvisa zvinhu zvinorema, sekugaya pasi rough castings. Kune rimwe divi, F1200 hupfu chinhu chakanyanya kutsetseka-sehupfu chinoshandiswa kukwenenzvera kwekupedzisira kwemagirazi eteresikopu kana kutetepa kwema semiconductor wafers. Kuwana "Perfect Polish" kunoda multi-stage process apo tekinika anotanga necoarser silicon carbide abrasive poda uye zvishoma nezvishoma anoenda kune akakwenenzverwa grits kubvisa makwara akasiiwa nedanho rapfuura.
Nhamba dzemusika dzinoratidza kuti kudiwa kwehupfu hudiki hudiki huri kukura nekukurumidza kupfuura macro grits, inotungamirwa neiyo miniaturization yezvikamu zvemagetsi uye kuwedzera kuri kudiwa kwekupedzwa kwepamusoro-soro muchikamu chemuchadenga. Zvinoenderana nemishumo yeindasitiri ichangoburwa, iyo micro-grit SiC musika inotarisirwa kuona CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) inodarika 5.5% kusvika 2030.
Imwe yeanonyanya kunakidza kushandiswa kwemazuva ano kwesilicon carbide abrasive poda haina kuita seabrasive, asi seyakatangira yeSiC wafers anoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi. Nekudaro, iyo abrasive poda pachayo inoita basa rehuviri pano. Mukugadzira mawafers aya, SiC poda inoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa muPhysical Vapor Transport (PVT) masisitimu ekukurisa imwe-crystal SiC boules. Uyezve, kana boule yakura, inofanirwa kuchekwa nekupushwa uchishandisa silicon carbide abrasive poda kuti iwane "epi-yakagadzirira" nzvimbo inodiwa pakugadzira chip.
Silicon carbide semiconductors yakakwirira kune yechinyakare silicon nekuti inokwanisa kubata yakakwira voltages, tembiricha yakakwira, uye inokurumidza kushandura kumhanya. Izvi zvinovaita zvakakosha kune magetsi inverters muTesla nedzimwe mota dzemagetsi. Sezvo musika weEV uchikura, iyo yese chain cheni-kubva kune yakaomeswa silicon carbide abrasive poda kusvika kune yapera simba module-iri kuona kusati kwamboitika kudyara uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji.
Sezvinoita chero maindasitiri maitiro, kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwesilicon carbide abrasive poda ine mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza. Iyo Acheson process ine simba-yakawanda uye inogadzira kabhoni dhaikisaidhi seyakagadzirwa. Nekudaro, vagadziri vemazuva ano vari kushandisa kabhoni yekubata matekinoroji uye vachichinjika kune inovandudzwa magetsi masosi kuti vagone mavira avo. Uyezve, kurarama kwenguva refu uye kushanda zvakanaka kweSiC sechinhu chinokanganisa zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvishoma zvinodiwa kuti uite basa rakati kana zvichienzaniswa nemabrasives akapfava, kuderedza marara emarara.
Panyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yebasa, silicon carbide inoonekwa se "guruva rinoshungurudza." Kunyangwe isiri muchetura, iyo yakapinza hunhu hwezvimedu zvinoreva kuti kubviswa kweguruva kwakaringana uye midziyo yekudzivirira yemunhu (PPE) inosungirwa munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri. Kubata kwakaringana kunovimbisa kuti mabhenefiti eichi chinhu chinoshamisa anogona kushandiswa pasina kukanganisa hutano hwevashandi.
Mugadziri mukuru wemuchadenga achangobva kushandura kubva pakushandisa echinyakare aruminiyamu oxide mavhiri kuenda kusilicon carbide-akavharwa mabhandi uye hupfu hwekupedzisa turbine mablades akagadzirwa netitanium alloys. Migumisiro yacho yakanga yakakosha. Nekushandisa kuomarara kwepamusoro uye kudziya kwesilicon carbide abrasive powder, mugadziri akashuma kuderedzwa kwe30% mukugadzirisa nguva yega yega uye 20% kuwedzera kwehupenyu hweabrasive media.
Iyo inopinza yekucheka chiito cheSiC poda yakadzivirira "kuzora" kwetitanium pamusoro, iyo yakajairika nyaya ine yakapfava abrasives iyo inowanzo tungamira kune kuremara kwepamusoro uye kusasimba kwechimiro. Ichi chidzidzo chenyaya chinoratidza kuti kuchinja kune yakakwira-kuchena silicon carbide kunogona kukanganisa zvakananga pazasi uye kunaka kwekuchengetedza-yakakosha zvikamu.
Paunenge uchitenga silicon carbide abrasive poda, kusimba kwemhando ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chinhu. Vashandisi vemaindasitiri vanofanirwa kutsvaga vatengesi vanopa yakazara Batch Analysis Reports (BAR) kana Zvitupa zveAnalysis (COA). Aya magwaro anofanirwa kuona iyo SiC yemukati, particle size distribution (PSD), uye mazinga ekusachena.
Uyezve, chimiro chemuviri chezviyo chakakosha. Kune mamwe maapplication, blocky tsanga inosarudzwa kuti igare, nepo kune vamwe, yakapinza, tsono-yakafanana tsanga inodiwa pakucheka kwehasha. Mutengesi ane hunyanzvi anozopa akasiyana zviyo zvimiro uye marapirwo epamusoro (senge kupisa kupisa kana kemikari coating) kukwiridzira hupfu hwemuchina chaiwo wemutengi uye zvinhu zvinodiwa.
Remangwana resilicon carbide abrasive powder rinotaridzika kupenya, rinofambiswa ne "Three Electrifications": kuiswa kwemagetsi ekufambisa, kuiswa kwegetsi, uye kuiswa kwemagetsi ekupisa kwemaindasitiri. Sezvo maindasitiri epasirese anoenda kuzvinhu zvinoshanda uye zvakaomarara, kudiwa kweSiC kuumba nekupedza zvinhu izvi kunongokura.
Innovation iri kuitikawo pa nano-scale. Nano-silicon carbide poda iri kuongororwa kuti ishandiswe mune yakasimbiswa simbi-matrix composites uye yepamusoro peceramic coatings. Zvishandiso izvi zvinovimbisa kuunza zvisingaenzaniswi simba-ku-huremu zviyero, izvo zvinogona kushandura huinjiniya hwezvimiro mumakumi emakore ari kuuya. Silicon carbide haisisiri "guruva rinokuya" chete; chinhu chekutanga chenguva yemberi yetekinoroji.
Muchidimbu, silicon carbide abrasive poda chinhu chinoshamisa cheindasitiri chinotsanangurwa nekuomarara kwayo kwedhaimani, yakasarudzika yekupisa conductivity, uye kusimba kwemakemikari. Isu takaongorora kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari, tichiona hutsanana hwepamusoro hunodiwa pakuita kwepamusoro-tier, uye tikaongorora mashandiro ayo emuchina, ayo anoratidza basa rayo munzvimbo dzekupisa kwakanyanya. Kubva pakukuya-basa kukuya kwesimbi yakakandwa neSiC nhema kusvika pakukwenenzverwa kwemasemiconductors ane green SiC, kuchinjika kwechinhu ichi hachienzaniswi. Mabhenefiti ayo, akadai seyakapinza crystalline chimiro uye kupisa kutyisa kuramba, inopa mabhenefiti anobatika maererano nekubudirira uye mhando. Sezvo maindasitiri achishanduka, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemotokari dzemagetsi uye aerospace, silicon carbide icharamba iri chinhu chakakosha muzvigadzirwa zvepasi rose zvekugadzira.
1. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pedema uye girini silicon carbide abrasive powder?
Black silicon carbide ine tsvina yakati wandei uye yakasimba, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakaderera-tensile simba zvinhu sesimbi yakakandwa nedombo. Green silicon carbide ine hutsanana hwepamusoro (kazhinji> 99%) uye inonyanya kunyungudika, zvichiita kuti ive nani pakukuya chaiko kwezvinhu zvakaoma setungsten carbide uye girazi remaziso.
2. Ko silicon carbide abrasive powder inogona kushandiswazve here?
Ehe, mumashandisirwo mazhinji akaita sejecha kana mamwe machira, SiC inogona kudzoserwa uye kushandiswazve kakawanda. Nekudaro, nekuti inobatika, zvimedu zvinoputsika kuita madiki madiki nekushandisa kwega kwega, zvichizopedzisira zvarasikirwa nekuita kwavo kwekutanga kutaurwa.
3. Ko silicon carbide yakaoma kupfuura aluminium oxide?
Ehe, silicon carbide yakaoma zvakanyanya kupfuura aluminium oxide. Pachiyero cheMohs, SiC inosvika 9.2 kusvika 9.5, nepo aluminum oxide iri pakati pe9.0. Izvi zvinoita kuti SiC ive nani yekucheka kuburikidza neyakaoma kana yakawanda brittle zvinhu.
4. Ko silicon carbide poda ine ngozi here?
SiC inowanzoonekwa seisina chepfu uye haina kurongeka secarcinogen. Zvisinei, sehupfu hwakatsetseka hupi nohupi, kuifema kunogona kukonzera kushatirwa kwekufema. Nguva dzose shandisa kufefetera kwakakodzera uye pfeka guruva mask kana respirator paunenge uchibata hupfu munzvimbo yakaoma.
5. Ndinosarudza sei saizi chaiyo yegrit yepurojekiti yangu?
Sarudzo inobva pane yaunoda kupera. Nhamba dzepasi dzegrit (semuenzaniso, F24, F36) dzakakasharara uye dzinoshandiswa kukurumidza kubvisa zvinhu. Nhamba dzegrit dzepamusoro (semuenzaniso, F600, F1000) dzakanaka uye dzinoshandiswa kupedzisa, segirazi-sekupedzisa. Kazhinji, purojekiti inoda kutevedzana kwegrits kubva pakukora kusvika kune yakanaka.
6. Ko silicon carbide abrasive powder inopera here?
Kwete, silicon carbide ikemikari yakagadzikana ine mineral uye haiperi kana kuderedza nekufamba kwenguva kana yakachengetwa munzvimbo yakaoma, yakachena. Chinhu chinonyanya kunetseka panguva yekuchengetedza ndechekudzivirira kunyura kwehunyoro, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti hupfu huputike.
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