Silicon carbide, sunansa na sinadari SiC ko kuma sunan kasuwanci carborundum, wani abu ne na musamman da mutum ya yi wanda ya zama ginshiƙi na injiniyan zamani. Silicon carbide foda an halicce shi ta hanyar haɗa silicon da carbon a yanayin zafi sosai. Kusan kowane foda na siliki carbide abrasive foda da ake amfani da su a masana'antu a yau ana samarwa a cikin manyan tanderun lantarki.
A yau, silicon carbide ba kawai "niko" ba ne. Wani babban kayan fasaha ne da ake amfani da shi don yin guntuwar cikin wayoyinku, birki a cikin manyan motocin wasanni masu sauri, da sulke na kariya da sojoji ke sawa. Ƙarfinsa na jure matsanancin zafi, tsayayya da lalacewar sinadarai, da kasancewa mai kaifi ko da a cikin matsanancin matsin lamba ya sa ya zama zaɓi na farko ga injiniyoyi masu aiki a cikin yanayi mafi wahala a duniya.
Don fahimtar yadda silicon carbide abrasive foda ke aiki, dole ne mu fara duba yadda aka yi shi. Yawancin SiC ana samar da su ta amfani da tsarin Acheson. A cikin wannan hanya, babban yashi silica da coke man fetur ana sanya su a cikin babban tanderun lantarki. Lokacin da tanderun ya kai yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 2,500 na ma'aunin celcius, wani nau'in sinadari yana faruwa. Haɗin silicon da carbon tare don samar da manyan lu'ulu'u. Ana niƙa waɗannan lu'ulu'u ana niƙa su zuwa girma dabam dabam don ƙirƙirar foda da muke amfani da su a yau.
Ana jerawa foda da girman "grit". M foda yana da manyan, m hatsi wanda zai iya cire abubuwa da yawa da sauri. Fine foda yana da ƙananan, santsin hatsi da ake amfani da su don gogewa. Masana'antu suna bin ka'idodin kasa da kasa kamar FEPA da ANSI don tabbatar da cewa kowane jakar silicon carbide abrasive foda yana da ainihin girman hatsi da ake buƙata don takamaiman aiki. Wannan daidaito shine dalilin da ya sa masana'antun zasu iya dogara da SiC don madaidaicin aiki kowace rana.
Silicon carbide foda an zaba don ayyuka masu wahala saboda yana da "mafi iko" da yawa waɗanda sauran kayan ba su da su. Waɗannan halayen sun sa ya zama zaɓi na ƙima don duka ayyuka masu nauyi da madaidaicin ayyuka.
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Ayyukan nasiliki carbide abrasive fodaya dogara da tsarkinsa. Ko da ƙananan adadin sauran abubuwa na iya canza yadda foda ke aiki. A ƙasa akwai tebur mai sauƙi wanda ke nuna abin da ke cikin babban ingancin baƙar fata da kore siliki carbide foda.
| Abu / Bangaren | Black Silicon Carbide (%) | Green Silicon Carbide (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Silicon Carbide (SiC) | 98.2% - 98.8% | 99.2% - 99.7% |
| Carbon Kyauta (C) | Kasa da 0.2% | Kasa da 0.1% |
| Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) | Kasa da 0.3% | Kasa da 0.05% |
| Silica (SiO2) | Kasa da 0.3% | Kasa da 0.1% |
Kamar yadda kake gani, koren silicon carbide shine nau'in "mai tsabta". Yana da ƙarin SiC da ƙarancin ƙazanta, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da shi don aikace-aikacen fasaha mafi mahimmanci, kamar a cikin masana'antar lantarki.
Lokacin da injiniyoyi suka zaɓi abu, suna duban “stats” na zahiri. Waɗannan lambobin suna gaya musu idan kayan zasu iya tsira daga matsin lamba ko zafi na takamaiman aiki. Anan akwai ƙididdigar inji don siliki carbide foda.
| Dukiya ta Jiki | Daraja | Me ya sa yake da mahimmanci |
|---|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness | 9.2 - 9.5 | Yana iya yanke kusan kowane ƙarfe ko dutse. |
| Yawan yawa | 3.20 g /cm³ | Yana da ƙarfi amma ba nauyi sosai ba. |
| Matsayin narkewa | 2,730°C (Rarrabawa) | Yana iya rayuwa a cikin matsanancin zafin wuta. |
| Thermal Conductivity | 120 W /m·K | Yana taimaka sanyaya kayan aikin yayin da suke aiki. |
| Ƙarfin Ƙarfi | 3,900 MPa | Zai iya ɗaukar ƙarfin murkushe mai yawa. |
Waɗannan lambobi sun tabbatar da cewa an gina foda mai lalata silicon carbide don matsanancin yanayi. Wani abu ne mai girma wanda ya zarce yashi na gargajiya ko aluminum oxide a kusan kowane nau'in fasaha.
Saboda silicon carbide foda yana da halaye na musamman da yawa, ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antu daban-daban. Yana da wuya a wuce ta kwana ɗaya ba tare da amfani da wani abu da aka yi tare da taimakon SiC ba.
Matsayin da ya fi al'ada ga silicon carbide abrasive foda yana cikin duniyar niƙa. Lokacin da masana'anta ke buƙatar siffata ɓangaren ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, suna amfani da injin niƙa. Idan wannan ɓangaren an yi shi da wani abu kamar simintin ƙarfe ko ƙarfe mara ƙarfe (kamar aluminum ko jan ƙarfe), silicon carbide shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. Ba kamar sauran abrasives ba, SiC baya yin dimuwa da sauri. Yana karya kaifi guda, don haka yana ci gaba da yankan yadda ya kamata har sai hatsin ya ɓace gaba ɗaya.
A cikin duniyar polishing, muna amfani da "micro-foda." Waɗannan su ne ƙananan hatsi suna jin kamar gari. Ana amfani da waɗannan foda a cikin wani tsari da ake kira "lapping." Misali, ruwan tabarau a cikin kyamarori masu tsayi ko na'urorin hangen nesa dole ne su kasance daidai da santsi. Ma'aikata suna amfani da silicon carbide abrasive foda a cikin cakuda ruwa don shafa gilashin a hankali har sai ya zama daidai. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa haske ya ratsa ta cikin ruwan tabarau ba tare da wani murdiya ba.
Ofaya daga cikin sabbin abubuwan amfani masu ban sha'awa don siliki carbide foda yana cikin kasuwar abin hawa na lantarki (EV). Motocin gargajiya suna amfani da guntun siliki don sarrafa iko. Koyaya, EVs suna buƙatar matsar da wutar lantarki da yawa cikin sauri daga baturi zuwa motar. Kwayoyin siliki suna yin zafi sosai kuma suna ɓata kuzari. Injiniyoyin sun gano cewa idan sun yi amfani da silicon carbide a maimakon haka, kwakwalwan kwamfuta za su iya ɗaukar manyan ƙarfin lantarki kuma su kasance masu sanyaya sosai.
Wannan yana nufin motar lantarki za ta iya yin gaba akan caji ɗaya kuma ta yi caji da sauri a tashar. High-tsarki silicon carbide foda shine farkon abu don yin waɗannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu tasowa. Yayin da mutane da yawa ke canzawa zuwa motocin lantarki, buƙatun siliki carbide foda mai inganci yana haɓaka da sauri fiye da kowane lokaci. Shi ne sirrin sashi yin koren sufuri mai yiwuwa.
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Tsaro wani yanki ne inda silicon carbide abrasive foda ke taka rawa sosai. A da, riguna na “harsashi” galibi ana yin su ne da ƙarfe mai nauyi ko yadudduka masu laushi. A yau, manyan sulke na fasaha suna amfani da faranti na yumbu. Don yin waɗannan faranti, ana matse foda na silicon carbide a cikin siffa kuma a yi zafi har sai ya zama ƙaƙƙarfan yumbu mai wuyar gaske.
Lokacin da harsashi mai sauri ya sami farantin siliki carbide, yumbura ya fi ƙarfin harsashi. Farantin yana tilasta harsashin ya faɗi kuma ya farfashe. Ko da yake farantin na iya tsagewa, yana ɗaukar dukkan kuzari kuma yana kare wanda yake sanye da shi. Saboda SiC ya fi karfe nauyi, sojoji da jami'an 'yan sanda na iya tafiya cikin sauki yayin da suke zaune lafiya. Ana amfani da wannan fasaha iri ɗaya don kare ɓangarorin tankuna da jirage masu saukar ungulu.
A cikin masana'antu kamar gilashi ko ƙera ƙarfe, injinan dole ne suyi aiki a yanayin zafi wanda zai narke injin na yau da kullun. Ana amfani da foda na siliki don ƙirƙirar kayan "refractory". Waɗannan su ne kayan da aka ƙera musamman don tsayawa da ƙarfi a cikin zafi. Alal misali, "kayan gida" da ke cikin yumbun kiln - ɗakunan ajiya da ginshiƙan da ke riƙe da tukwane - yawanci ana yin su ne da silicon carbide.
Saboda SiC yana da ƙananan haɓakar thermal, ba ya girma ko raguwa da yawa lokacin da zafin jiki ya canza. Wannan yana hana kayan daga fashewa. Idan kun yi amfani da shelves na ƙarfe, za su lanƙwasa ko narke, amma silicon carbide yana tsayawa daidai. Wannan amincin yana ceton masana'antu kuɗi da yawa saboda ba dole ba ne su maye gurbin sassansu sau da yawa.
A yau, kowa ya damu da yanayin.Silicon carbide fodayana taimakawa ta hanyoyi da yawa. Na farko, saboda yana da wuya kuma yana daɗe, masana'antu ba dole ba ne su yi amfani da yawa daga cikinsa. Ƙananan sharar gida yana nufin ƙaramin sawun ƙafa a duniya. Na biyu, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, shi ne wani muhimmin sashi na fasaha a cikin motocin lantarki da masu amfani da hasken rana.
A cikin makamashin hasken rana, ana amfani da foda na siliki don yanke ingots na siliki a cikin waƙafi na bakin ciki waɗanda ke kama hasken rana. Mafi ƙaranci kuma mafi madaidaicin yanke, mafi kyawun aikin hasken rana ya zama. Ta hanyar samar da kayan aikin don samar da ingantattun bangarorin hasken rana da EVs, silicon carbide a zahiri yana taimakawa duniya ta kawar da mai da kwal. Abu ne na "kore" ta hanyoyi da yawa fiye da ɗaya.
Idan kuna neman silicon carbide abrasive foda, kuna buƙatar sanin ainihin abin da kuke ƙoƙarin yi. Don cire tsatsa mai nauyi mai nauyi ko yanke dutse, babban siliki carbide baƙar fata yawanci shine mafi kyawun zaɓi kuma mafi araha. Yana da wuya kuma yana samun aikin da sauri.
Duk da haka, idan kuna aiki akan wani abu mai laushi, kamar guntu na kwamfuta ko kayan ado, ya kamata ku nemi koren silicon carbide micro-foda. Hakanan kuna buƙatar kallon "tsarki" na foda. Don niƙa na masana'antu, 98% tsabta yana da kyau. Amma don yin na'urorin lantarki, kuna iya buƙatar 99.9% tsarki.
A ƙarshe, silicon carbide foda yana da yawa fiye da kawai abrasive mai sauƙi. Wani abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke daidaita rata tsakanin masana'antun gargajiya da kuma makomar fasaha. Matsanancin taurinsa yana ba mu damar siffata karafa da duwatsu mafi tauri. Juriyar zafinsa mai ban mamaki yana sa masana'antunmu suyi aiki da motocin mu na sararin samaniya lafiya. Abubuwan da ke cikin lantarki na musamman a halin yanzu suna canza yadda muke tuƙi da kuma yadda muke amfani da makamashi. Daga ƙaramin guntu na kwamfuta zuwa babbar tanderun masana'antu, silicon carbide abrasive foda yana ba da ƙarfi da amincin da masana'antar zamani ke buƙata. Yayin da muke ci gaba da ƙirƙira, wannan "lu'u-lu'u na masana'antu" babu shakka zai kasance a tsakiyar ci gaban fasahar mu.
1. Shin silicon carbide foda na halitta ne ko na mutum?
Kusan duk silicon carbide da ake amfani da shi a yau na mutum ne. Duk da yake yana wanzuwa a cikin yanayi a matsayin ma'adinai da ake kira moissanite, yana da wuyar gaske kuma yana samuwa ne kawai a cikin ƙananan yawa a cikin meteorites. An ƙirƙiri sigar masana'antu a cikin manyan tanderun lantarki ta amfani da yashi da carbon.
2. Zan iya amfani da silicon carbide abrasive foda don rigar da bushe nika?
Ee, silicon carbide yana aiki sosai a cikin mahalli biyu. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a cikin nau'i na "slurry" (haɗe da ruwa ko mai) don gilashin polishing da wafers, amma kuma ana amfani dashi a busassun takarda don aikin katako da karfe.
3. Me yasa koren silicon carbide ya fi baki tsada?
Koren silicon carbide ya fi tsada saboda ya fi tsafta. Yana buƙatar ingantaccen kayan albarkatun ƙasa da kuma tsarin masana'anta a hankali don tabbatar da cewa akwai ƙarancin ƙazanta kamar ƙarfe ko carbon kyauta.
4. Shin yana da lafiya don rike silicon carbide foda?
Silicon carbide ba mai guba bane. Duk da haka, saboda foda an yi shi da ƙananan lu'ulu'u masu kaifi, zai iya cutar da huhu idan kun shaka shi. Ya kamata ku sanya abin rufe fuska a koyaushe kuma kuyi amfani da samun iska mai kyau lokacin aiki tare da foda a cikin bushewa.
5. Shin silicon carbide foda tsatsa?
A'a, silicon carbide abu ne na yumbu kuma baya dauke da karfe wanda zai iya tsatsa. Yana da matukar juriya ga ruwa, gishiri, da mafi yawan sinadarai, shi ya sa ake amfani da shi wajen aikin ruwa da sinadarai.
6. Ta yaya zan adana foda?
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine kiyaye shi bushe. Idan foda ya sami ɗanɗano, zai iya yin dunƙule tare, wanda zai sa ya yi wuya a yi amfani da shi a cikin injina ko don gogewa. Ajiye shi a cikin akwati da aka rufe a wuri mai sanyi, bushe.
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