Silicon carbide foda shine albarkatun kasa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙwayar foda; musamman, baƙar fata siliki carbide yawanci ana amfani da shi don kayan sarrafawa tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi - kamar simintin ƙarfe da ƙarfe mara ƙarfe - da kuma kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba kamar dutse da fata. Sabanin haka, ana amfani da mafi girman-tsarki koren siliki carbide akai-akai don madaidaicin niƙa na abubuwa masu ƙarfi da karye, kamar siminti carbide (tungsten carbide), gilashin gani, da yumbu masu inganci.
Tarihin siliki carbide shaida ce ga hazakar ɗan adam. Yayin da yake faruwa ta dabi'a a cikin nau'in moissanite na ma'adinan da ba kasafai ba - wanda aka samo shi kawai a cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin meteorites - duniyar masana'antu ta dogara gaba ɗaya akan samar da roba. Tsarin Acheson ya kasance ma'aunin gwal don samarwa, kodayake an tace shi cikin shekaru da yawa don inganta ingantaccen makamashi da tsabtar samfur. Sakamakon “danyen” siliki carbide sannan ana niƙasa, a wanke, kuma a ƙware sosai zuwa girma dabam-dabam don ƙirƙirar foda mai lalata silicon carbide da muke amfani da ita a yau.
Ana gudanar da ƙimar waɗannan foda ta hanyar ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar FEPA (Ƙungiyar Masu Haɓakawa ta Turai), ANSI (Cibiyar Matsayin Ƙasa ta Amurka), da JIS (Ka'idodin Masana'antu na Japan). Waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna tabbatar da cewa rarraba girman barbashi daidai yake, wanda ke da mahimmanci don cimma ƙarshen abin da ake iya faɗi a cikin lapping, gogewa, da ayyukan niƙa. Foda tare da rarraba girman hatsi na iya haifar da ɓarna mai zurfi a cikin kayan aiki mai laushi, yayin da foda mai ƙarfi yana tabbatar da gamawa mai inganci.
Tsaftar sinadarai na silicon carbide abrasive foda yana ƙayyade kaddarorinsa na zahiri da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya. Ana rarraba foda masu inganci masu inganci ta hanyar abun ciki na SiC, tare da kashi mafi girma yawanci yana nuna mafi kyawun taurin da yanke inganci. A ƙasa akwai dalla-dalla dalla-dalla na nau'in sinadari na yau da kullun na Black da Green Silicon Carbide.
| Bangaren | Black Silicon Carbide (%) | Green Silicon Carbide (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Silicon Carbide (SiC) | 98.00 - 98.80 | 99.00 - 99.50 |
| Carbon Kyauta (C) | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 0.15 |
| Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.10 |
| Magnetic Material | ≤ 0.005 | ≤ 0.003 |
| Sauran Najasa | Trace | Trace |
Ana samun mafi girman tsarkin koren silicon carbide (sau da yawa fiye da 99% SiC) ta hanyar zaɓin ɗanyen abu mai ƙarfi da ingantaccen sarrafa yanayin tanderun. Wannan tsafta mafi girma tana fassara zuwa tsarin hatsi mai kaifi da mafi kyawun aiki a aikace-aikacen niƙa mai madaidaici.
Ayyukan injiniya na silicon carbide abrasive foda shine abin da ya bambanta shi da abubuwan da suka shafi gargajiya kamar aluminum oxide ko garnet. Taurinsa da kwanciyar hankali na zafi suna cikin mafi girma don kayan roba. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana fayyace mahimman kaddarorin inji da na zahiri waɗanda ke ayyana amfanin masana'anta.
| Dukiya | Mahimmanci Na Musamman | Sashin aunawa |
|---|---|---|
| Tsarin Crystal | Hexagonal/Alfa | - |
| Mohs Hardness | 9.2 - 9.5 | Ma'auni 1-10 |
| Knoop Hardness (K100) | 2400 - 2800 | kg /mm² |
| Yawan yawa | 3.15 - 3.25 | g/cm³ |
| Matsayin narkewa | 2,730 (Rarraba) | °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 60 - 150 | W/m·K |
| Ƙarfin Ƙarfi | 3.9 - 4.5 | GPA |
Saboda waɗannan kaddarorin injiniyoyi, siliki carbide ba wai kawai kyakkyawan abrasive bane amma har ma mafi girman kayan haɓakawa. Ƙarfinsa don kiyaye mutuncin tsari da taurinsa a yanayin zafi sama da 1,000 ° C ya sa ya dace don kayan daki mai zafin jiki da masu musayar zafi.
Silicon carbide abrasive foda yana ba da fa'ida ta musamman wanda ya sanya shi zaɓin da aka fi so don buƙatar ayyukan masana'antu. Waɗannan halayen suna tabbatar da cewa kayan aiki suna aiki da kyau a ƙarƙashin matsanancin matsin lamba da matsanancin yanayin zafi.
Waɗannan fa'idodin suna fassara kai tsaye zuwa tanadin farashi don masana'antun ta hanyar rage lalacewa na kayan aiki da haɓaka saurin hawan haɓakar samarwa. A cikin ayyukan niƙa mai sauri, ƙarfin siliki carbide abrasive foda don kula da sakamakon "cizon" a cikin ƙarancin wucewar da ake buƙata da ingantaccen ƙasa.
Ƙwararren siliki carbide abrasive foda yana ba da damar yin amfani da shi a cikin ɗimbin masana'antu. Daga masana'anta na al'ada zuwa fasahar yankan-baki, aikace-aikacen sa ba su da iyaka.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bincike mai mahimmanci ya shafi masana'antar hasken rana. Yayin da duniya ke ci gaba da samun makamashi mai sabuntawa, samar da siliki mai tsafta don fale-falen hasken rana ya dogara sosai kan siliki carbide abrasive foda don yanka silicon ingots cikin wafers na bakin ciki. Yayin da wayar lu'u-lu'u ta sami shahara, SiC slurry ya kasance hanya mai mahimmanci don takamaiman ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikace a wannan sashin.
Duk da yake nau'ikan nau'ikan biyu suna raba mahimman abubuwan sunadarai iri ɗaya, bambance-bambancen bambance-bambance tsakanin baki da kore silicon carbide abrasive foda suna da mahimmanci ga takamaiman sakamakon masana'antu. Black silicon carbide ana samar da shi ta hanyar amsa silica da carbon tare da ƙaramin adadin gishiri da sawdust. Kasancewar waɗannan abubuwan ƙari yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin tsabta amma yana haifar da ƙwayar hatsi mai ƙarfi wanda ke da kyau don niƙa mai nauyi na kayan kamar dutse da simintin ƙarfe.
Ana samar da carbide koren siliki ta amfani da mafi girman daraja na albarkatun ƙasa kuma ba tare da wasu abubuwan ƙari ba, yana haifar da mafi tsabta, mafi ƙarancin kristal kore. Ya fi friable (karye cikin sauƙi) fiye da baƙar fata SiC, wanda yayi kama da rashi, amma a zahiri fa'ida ce ga ayyuka na daidaici. Babban friability yana tabbatar da cewa abrasive ya kasance mai kaifi tsawon rayuwarsa, yana mai da shi zaɓi na farko don niƙa kayan aikin carbide tungsten da ingantattun kayan lantarki.
Amfanin silicon carbide abrasive foda an ƙaddara shi da girman girman sa. Ana rarraba grits gabaɗaya cikin macro grits (F8 zuwa F220) da Micro grits (F230 zuwa F2000). Ma'aunin FEPA shine mafi yawan amfani da ma'auni na duniya don waɗannan masu girma dabam.
Misali, F60 grit foda yana da ɗan ƙanƙara kuma ana amfani dashi don cire kayan abu mai nauyi, kamar niƙa simintin gyare-gyare. A gefe guda, foda F1200 wani abu ne mai kyau mai kama da gari da ake amfani da shi don gogewar madubin madubin hangen nesa na ƙarshe ko ɓarkewar wafers na semiconductor. Samun "Cikakken Yaren mutanen Poland" yana buƙatar tsari mai matakai da yawa inda mai fasaha ya fara da ƙaramin siliki na siliki na abrasive foda kuma a hankali yana motsawa zuwa mafi kyawun grits don cire karce da aka bari ta mataki na baya.
Kididdigar kasuwa ta nuna cewa buƙatun ƙananan foda yana girma cikin sauri fiye da macro grits, wanda aka ɗora shi ta hanyar ƙarancin kayan aikin lantarki da ƙara buƙatar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin sararin samaniya. Dangane da rahotannin masana'antu na kwanan nan, kasuwar SiC na micro-grit ana tsammanin ganin CAGR (Haɗin Ci gaban Shekara-shekara) na sama da 5.5% ta 2030.
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun amfani na zamani na silicon carbide abrasive foda ba a matsayin abin ƙyama ba ne, amma a matsayin mai ƙididdigewa na SiC wafers da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, abrasive foda kanta tana taka rawar dual a nan. A cikin masana'antar waɗannan wafers, ana amfani da foda SiC azaman albarkatun ƙasa a cikin Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na Jiki (PVT) don haɓaka bututun SiC-crystal guda ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari kuma, da zarar an girma boule, dole ne a yayyanka shi kuma a goge shi ta amfani da silicon carbide abrasive foda don cimma saman "epi-ready" da ake buƙata don ƙirƙira guntu.
Silicon carbide semiconductors sun fi siliki na gargajiya saboda suna iya ɗaukar ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, yanayin zafi mai girma, kuma suna da saurin sauyawa. Wannan ya sa su zama mahimmanci ga masu canza wutar lantarki a cikin Tesla da sauran motocin lantarki. Yayin da kasuwar EV ke faɗaɗa, duk sarkar samar da kayayyaki-daga ɗanyen silicon carbide abrasive foda zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin wutar lantarki-yana ganin saka hannun jari da ci gaban fasaha.
Kamar kowane tsarin masana'antu, samarwa da amfani da siliki carbide abrasive foda yana da tasirin muhalli. Tsarin Acheson yana da ƙarfin kuzari kuma yana samar da carbon dioxide a matsayin samfuri. Koyaya, masana'antun zamani suna aiwatar da fasahohin kama carbon kuma suna canzawa zuwa hanyoyin sabunta makamashi don kunna wutar tanderu. Bugu da ƙari kuma, daɗaɗɗen daɗaɗɗen SiC a matsayin abin ƙyama yana nufin cewa ana buƙatar ƙananan kayan aiki don yin wani aiki na musamman idan aka kwatanta da abrasives masu laushi, rage yawan zubar da ruwa.
Dangane da amincin wurin aiki, ana ɗaukar silicon carbide a matsayin "ƙurar damuwa." Duk da yake ba mai guba bane, yanayin kaifi na barbashi yana nufin cewa hakar ƙura mai kyau da kayan kariya na sirri (PPE) sun zama tilas a cikin mahallin masana'antu. Gudanar da kyau yana tabbatar da cewa za a iya amfani da fa'idodin wannan abu mai ban mamaki ba tare da lalata lafiyar ma'aikata ba.
Wani babban masana'anta na sararin samaniya ya canza kwanan nan daga yin amfani da ƙafafun al'adar aluminum oxide zuwa bel ɗin silicon-carbide mai rufi da foda don ƙare ruwan injin turbin da aka yi da gami da titanium. Sakamakon yana da mahimmanci. Ta hanyar amfani da mafi girman taurin da kaddarorin thermal na silicon carbide abrasive foda, masana'anta sun ba da rahoton raguwar 30% a lokacin sarrafawa a kowace ruwa da haɓakar 20% a cikin rayuwar kafofin watsa labaru.
Ayyukan yankan kaifi na SiC foda ya hana "smearing" na farfajiyar titanium, al'amari na yau da kullum tare da abrasives masu laushi wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da lahani da kuma raunin tsarin. Wannan yanayin binciken yana nuna yadda canzawa zuwa siliki carbide mai tsafta zai iya tasiri kai tsaye ga layin ƙasa da ingancin mahimman abubuwan aminci.
Lokacin sayan siliki carbide abrasive foda, daidaiton inganci shine mafi mahimmancin mahimmanci. Masu amfani da masana'antu ya kamata su nemi masu samar da kayayyaki waɗanda ke ba da cikakkun Rahoton Binciken Batch (BAR) ko Takaddun Takaddun Bincike (COA). Waɗannan takaddun yakamata su tabbatar da abun cikin SiC, rarraba girman barbashi (PSD), da matakan ƙazanta.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, yanayin jiki na hatsi yana da mahimmanci. Ga wasu aikace-aikace, an fi son hatsi mai toshewa don dorewa, yayin da wasu, hatsi mai kaifi, mai kama da allura yana da mahimmanci don yanke tsauri. Mai sana'a mai kaya zai ba da nau'ikan hatsi daban-daban da jiyya na sama (kamar maganin zafi ko shafan sinadarai) don haɓaka foda don takamaiman injin abokin ciniki da buƙatun kayan.
Makomar silicon carbide abrasive foda ya dubi haske, wanda "Three Electrifications" ke motsa shi: wutar lantarki na sufuri, da wutar lantarki na grid, da wutar lantarki na masana'antu zafi. Kamar yadda masana'antu na duniya ke motsawa zuwa mafi inganci da kayan aiki masu wuyar gaske, buƙatar SiC don tsarawa da gama waɗannan kayan zai girma kawai.
Sabuntawa kuma yana faruwa a sikelin nano. Nano-silicon carbide foda ana bincike don amfani a cikin ƙarfafa karfe-matrix composites da ci-gaba yumbu rufi. Waɗannan kayan sun yi alƙawarin isar da ma'aunin ƙarfi-zuwa-nauyi wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba, wanda zai iya canza aikin injiniyan tsari a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Silicon carbide ba shine kawai "ƙurar niƙa" ba; abu ne mai tushe don makomar fasaha.
A taƙaice, siliki carbide abrasive foda wani kayan aikin masana'antu ne na ban mamaki wanda aka ayyana ta kusa da lu'u-lu'u taurinsa, ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafi, da juriyar sinadarai. Mun bincika abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadaran sa, tare da lura da matakan tsafta da ake buƙata don yin aiki na sama, kuma mun sake nazarin aikin injina, wanda ke nuna rawar da yake takawa a cikin matsanancin yanayin zafi. Daga nauyin niƙa na simintin ƙarfe tare da baƙar fata SiC zuwa daidaitaccen gogewar semiconductor tare da kore SiC, ƙarfin wannan kayan ba ya misaltuwa. Amfaninsa, irin su kaifi tsarin crystalline da thermal shock juriya, suna ba da fa'idodi na zahiri dangane da inganci da inganci. Kamar yadda masana'antu ke tasowa, musamman a fagen motocin lantarki da sararin samaniya, silicon carbide zai kasance kadara mai mahimmanci a cikin kayan aikin masana'antu na duniya.
1. Menene bambanci tsakanin baki da kore silicon carbide abrasive foda?
Baƙar fata siliki carbide ya ƙunshi ɗan ƙara ƙazanta kuma ya fi ƙarfi, yana mai da shi manufa don ƙarancin ƙarfi kayan ƙarfi kamar simintin ƙarfe da dutse. Koren silicon carbide yana da tsafta mafi girma (yawanci> 99%) kuma yana da mafi kyawu, yana sa ya fi dacewa don daidaitaccen niƙa na kayan wuya kamar tungsten carbide da gilashin gani.
2. Za a iya sake amfani da silicon carbide abrasive foda?
Ee, a cikin aikace-aikace da yawa kamar fashewar yashi ko wasu hanyoyin latsawa, ana iya dawo da SiC kuma a sake amfani da su sau da yawa. Koyaya, saboda yana iya jurewa, barbashi za su rushe cikin ƙananan girma tare da kowane amfani, ƙarshe sun rasa tasirin su don ƙayyadaddun asali.
3. Shin silicon carbide ya fi aluminum oxide wuya?
Ee, silicon carbide yana da matukar wahala fiye da aluminum oxide. A kan sikelin Mohs, SiC yana matsayi na 9.2 zuwa 9.5, yayin da aluminium oxide ya kai kusan 9.0. Wannan yana sa SiC ya fi kyau don yanke ta cikin abubuwa masu wuya ko ƙari.
4. Shin silicon carbide foda yana da haɗari?
Ana ɗaukar SiC gabaɗaya ba mai guba ba kuma ba a rarraba shi azaman carcinogen. Duk da haka, kamar kowane foda mai kyau, shakar shi na iya haifar da haushin numfashi. Yi amfani da iskar da ya dace koyaushe kuma sanya abin rufe fuska na ƙura ko na numfashi lokacin da ake sarrafa foda a cikin busasshen yanayi.
5. Ta yaya zan zaɓi madaidaicin girman grit don aikina?
Zaɓin ya dogara da ƙarewar da ake so. Ƙananan lambobi (misali, F24, F36) suna da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su don cire kayan cikin sauri. Lambobi mafi girma (misali, F600, F1000) suna da kyau kuma ana amfani da su don ƙarewa mai santsi, kamar madubi. Sau da yawa, aikin yana buƙatar jerin gwano daga m zuwa tara.
6. Shin silicon carbide abrasive foda ya ƙare?
A'a, siliki carbide ma'adinai ne tsayayye kuma baya ƙarewa ko ƙasƙantar da lokaci idan an adana shi a bushe, muhalli mai tsabta. Babban damuwa a lokacin ajiya shine hana shayar da danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da foda don kumbura.
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