Kayayyaki da Aikace-aikace na Graphite Electrodes

Na'urorin lantarki guda ɗaya ne mafi mahimmancin amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin tanderun wutar lantarki (EAF). Suna ɗaukar igiyoyi masu yawa - sau da yawa amperes 100,000 ko fiye - cikin tanderun, suna mai da makamashin lantarki zuwa zafin da ke narkar da karafa. Amma duk da haka ga wani abu wanda yayi kama da silinda mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, graphite electrodes sune samfura masu ban mamaki masu rikitarwa, waɗanda aka ƙayyade ta ainihin kaddarorin jiki kuma an ƙera su ta hanyar mako-mako, tsari mai yawa.

Wannan jagorar yayi bayanin key Properties na graphite lantarki, yadda waɗannan kaddarorin ke fassara zuwa aikin gaske na duniya, bambanci tsakanin maki RP, HP da UHP, da cikakken kewayon aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Ko kai ma'aikacin masana'antar karfe ne, manajan ganowa, ko ƙwararrun saye, wannan labarin zai taimake ka ka fahimci abin da za ka nema - da kuma yadda za a zaɓi madaidaicin lantarki don tanderunka.

Menene Graphite Electrodes?

Ectrode graphite shine madugu na silinda da aka yi da farko da man coke, coke coke da coal tar pitch, wanda ake toyawa sannan a zayyana a yanayin zafi sosai. Sakamakon haka shine jikin carbon mai ƙarancin juriya wanda zai iya jure matsanancin yanayin zafi, lantarki da injina a cikin tanderun baka na lantarki.

A tsari, tsarin lantarki ya ƙunshi sassa biyu:

• Rukunin lantarki - babban cylindrical jiki wanda ke ba da halin yanzu zuwa tanderun.
• Kan nono (haɗin gwiwa) - fil ɗin haɗin zare wanda ke haɗa sassan lantarki masu zuwa tare don samar da ginshiƙi mai ci gaba.

Domin babu wani yanki guda daya da ya isa ya isa daga rufin tanderun har zuwa narkakkar wanka, ana dunkule sassan lantarki da yawa tare ta amfani da zaren nonuwa. Yayin da ake cinye tip a lokacin narkewa, ana ƙara sababbin sassan a saman - ci gaba da tsarin "ciyarwa".

Ana shirya na'urorin lantarki guda uku a cikin tsari mai siffar triangular don tanderun wutar lantarki na AC mai hawa uku. Kowace na'urar lantarki, rufin tanderun, da narkakkar ƙarfe tare suna samar da da'irar lantarki da ke ɗaukar baka.

Me yasa graphite maimakon sauran carbon?

An zaɓi graphite don na'urorin lantarki saboda musamman ya haɗa kaddarorin guda huɗu waɗanda babu wani abu mai araha da ke bayarwa a sikelin masana'antu:

• Kyakkyawan halayen lantarki - yafi girma fiye da carbon amorphous, yana rage asarar makamashi.
• Matsanancin kwanciyar hankali na thermal - graphite ba ya narke; yana girma sama da ~ 3,650°C, nesa da yanayin zafi na tanderu.
• Low thermal fadadawa - rage tsagewa daga girgizar zafin rana lokacin da baka ya kunna kuma ya kashe.
• Injin iya aiki - Za a iya ƙera graphite daidai gwargwado a cikin zaren da aka ɗora da ƙuƙumman nonuwa.

Yadda Ake Yin Graphite Electrodes

Fahimtar tsarin masana'anta yana bayyana dalilin da yasa kaddarorin ke bambanta tsakanin maki da dalilin da yasa ingancigraphite lantarkioda wani premium. Daidaitaccen hanyar samarwa ya ƙunshi waɗannan manyan matakai:

1. Zaɓin ɗanyen abu & calcination - An narkar da coke na man fetur ko coke na allura (mai zafi) don kawar da rashin ƙarfi da inganta yawa. Alurar coke, tare da tsarin sa na lu'ulu'u, shine mabuɗin albarkatun ƙasa don maki HP da UHP.
2. Crushing, girma & hadawa - Ana murƙushe Coke kuma an rarraba shi cikin takamaiman nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan, sannan a haɗe shi da farar kwal ɗin kwal a matsayin mai ɗaure daidai gwargwado.
3. Cakuda & cuɗawa - Busassun tara da farar suna gauraye a zazzabi mai sarrafawa don samar da manna iri ɗaya.
4. Extrusion (samuwa) - An fitar da manna zuwa cikin dogayen na'urorin lantarki na "kore" cylindrical na diamita da ake buƙata.
5. Yin burodi - Ana toya koren lantarki a kusan 800-1,200 ° C don karkatar da mai ɗaure farar cikin kwarangwal ɗin carbon.
6. Ciwon ciki - Na'urorin lantarki da aka gasa suna cike da farar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba kuma a sake gasa su, suna cika porosity na ciki don ƙara yawa da ƙarfi.
7. Zane-zane - Jikin carbon yana mai zafi zuwa kusan 2,800-3,000 ° C a cikin Acheson ko tanderu mai tsayi mai tsayi, yana canza carbon amorphous zuwa graphite crystalline kuma yana rage juriya na lantarki sosai.
8. Machining - Ana sarrafa na'urar da aka gama zuwa girma na ƙarshe, kuma ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa suna gundura da zare don karɓar nono.

Dukan zagayowar na iya ɗauka makonni da yawa, wanda shine dalili daya da yasa wadatar lantarki ke kula da hawan kasuwa kuma dalilin da yasa lokutan jagora ke da mahimmanci a cikin siye.

Maɓallai Maɓalli na Graphite Electrodes

Kaddarorin masu zuwa sune abin da injiniyoyi da ƙungiyoyin sayayya ke tantancewa lokacin da suke tantance na'urar lantarki. Ana ba da ƙima kamar na al'ada jeri don maki na kasuwanci; ainihin ƙididdiga sun bambanta ta wurin masana'anta da daraja.

1.Electrical Resistivity (µΩ·m)

Resistivity yana auna yadda ƙarfin lantarki ke adawa da gudana na yanzu. Ƙananan ya fi kyau: ƙananan resistivity yana nufin ƙarancin wutar lantarki da aka rasa kamar yadda zafi a cikin lantarki kanta, don haka ƙarin makamashi ya kai ga baka. UHP electrodes sun cimma mafi ƙasƙanci dabi'u (yawanci 5-7 µΩ·m) godiya ga allura coke da cikakken graphitization, yayin da RP electrodes sun fi girma (kusan 7.5-9.5 µΩ·m).

2.Flexural Karfin (MPa)

Ƙarfin lankwasawa (lankwasawa) yana nuna juriya ga fashewar injina yayin sarrafawa, haɗaɗɗun shafi, da zafin zafi da na inji na narkewa - musamman ɓarna kogo da motsin rufin. Ƙarfin da ya fi girma yana rage haɗarin karyewar nono da na lantarki, wanda shine babban dalilin raguwar lokaci da rasa aiki.

3. Girman Girma (g/cm³)

Yawan yawa yana nuna yadda ƙarfi da ƙaƙƙarfan lantarki yake. Denser electrodes gaba ɗaya suna da ƙananan juriya, ƙarfi mafi girma da mafi kyawun juriya na iskar shaka saboda akwai ƙarancin ƙarancin ciki don iskar oxygen don kai hari. Mahimman ƙididdiga sun bambanta daga kusan 1.58 g /cm³ (RP) zuwa 1.75 g /cm³ (UHP).

4. Matasa Modulus (GPa)

Modules na roba yana bayyana taurin kai. Matsakaicin matsakaici a haƙiƙa abin so ne: na'urar lantarki mai tauri da yawa tana watsa damuwa ta zafi kuma ta fi saurin tsagewa, yayin da wanda yayi laushi zai iya lalacewa. Ma'auni tsakanin ƙarfi da modulus shine ainihin ɓangaren ƙirar lantarki.

5.Coefficient of thermal Expansion - CTE (×10⁻⁶/°C)

Ƙarƙashin haɓakar yanayin zafi mai ƙayatarwa yana rage raguwa lokacin da tip ɗin lantarki ya yi zafi da sauri yayin ƙonewar baka. Tsarin daidaitawar allura coke yana ba HP daUHP lantarkiƘarƙashin ƙanƙan da kuma ƙarin uniform CTE, wanda shine tsakiya ga mafi girman juriya na thermal-shock.

6.Oxidation Resistance

Graphite ya fara oxidize ma'ana a cikin iska sama da kusan 400-500°C. Tun da gefen gefen na'urar lantarki yana fallasa zuwa yanayin tanderu, oxidation shine ci gaba da tushen amfani. Masu kera suna rage iskar shaka ta hanyar ƙonawa, kayan kwalliyar ƙasa, tsarin lantarki mai sanyaya ruwa da garkuwar iskar gas a cikin tanderun.

7.Ash Abun ciki (%)

Toka shine ragowar da ba carbon da aka bari bayan konewa. Low ash (<0.3% don ingancin maki) yana da mahimmanci saboda ash ƙazanta ƙananan ƙarfin aiki, ƙara yawan iskar shaka kuma zai iya gurɓata wanka na karfe.

Lura: Waɗannan kewayon masana'antu ne masu nuni, ba ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba. Koyaushe nemi takardar shaidar bincike na masana'anta don ainihin tsari da kuka saya.

Makin Electrode: RP vs. HP vs. UHP

An rarraba na'urorin lantarki na graphite zuwa manyan maki uku dangane da albarkatun kasa da matsakaicin adadin da aka yarda da su a halin yanzu. Zaɓin madaidaicin sa kai tsaye yana rinjayar yawan aikin tanderu, yawan amfani da lantarki da jimlar farashin kowace tan na ƙarfe.

1. Ƙarfin yau da kullun (RP)

Ana yin na'urorin lantarki na RP da farko daga coke na man fetur kuma suna ba da izinin mafi ƙasƙanci na yanzu (yawanci har zuwa kusan 17-24 A /cm²). Su ne mafi kyawun zaɓi na tattalin arziki kuma sun dace da ƙananan tanderu, ƙananan ayyukan aiki, da ƙananan aikace-aikace masu buƙata. Ana ba da lantarki na RP a cikin diamita daga 75 mm zuwa kusan 500 mm.

2. High Power (HP)

Na'urorin lantarki na HP suna amfani da cakuda coke na man fetur da coke na allura, suna ƙyale mafi girma na yanzu (kimanin 18-25 A /cm²). Suna ba da ƙananan juriya da kuma mafi kyawun juriya na thermal-shock fiye da RP, suna sa su dace da matsakaici da manyan tanderu inda ake buƙatar yawan aiki. Matsakaicin diamita na yau da kullun yana daga kusan 200 mm zuwa 600 mm.

3.Ultra High Power (UHP)

Ana yin na'urorin lantarki na UHP daga coke ɗin allura mai ƙima kuma suna wakiltar saman kewayon, suna goyan bayan yawa na yanzu na kusan 20-30 A/cm² da sama. Suna isar da mafi ƙarancin juriya, mafi girman yawa da mafi kyawun juriya na iskar shaka, kuma suna da mahimmanci ga manyan tanderun UHP na zamani (ƙarfin tan 100+) inda rayuwar lantarki ta kowace tan na ƙarfe ke da mahimmanci. Ana ba da na'urorin lantarki na UHP yawanci a cikin diamita daga 300 mm har zuwa mm 800.

Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu na Graphite Electrodes

1.Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Karfe - aikace-aikacen rinjaye

EAF karfe yana yin lissafin mafi yawan amfani da lantarki na graphite a duk duniya. A cikin EAF, na'urorin lantarki guda uku suna wucewa ta cikin rufin tanderun kuma suna buga baka akan cajin tarkace. Arc yana samar da yanayin zafi sama da 3,000 ° C, yana narkar da tarkace, sannan a tace shi zuwa karfe.

Yayin da masana'antar ƙarafa ta duniya ke ƙaura daga hanyoyin fashewar tanderu zuwa ƙananan samar da EAF na carbon, buƙatun na'urorin lantarki masu inganci na UHP na ci gaba da haɓaka. EAFs na zamani suma suna ƙara "UHP" - suna aiki a babban ƙarfin wutan lantarki - wanda ke sanya buƙatu mafi girma akan juriya na zafin wutar lantarki da juriya na iskar oxygen.

2.Ladle Furnace (LF) Tace

Bayan narkar da farko, narkakkar karfe galibi ana tura shi zuwa tanderun ladle don sake tacewa na biyu - daidaita sinadarai, zafin jiki da haɗawa kafin yin simintin. Tanderun ladle suna amfani da na'urorin lantarki na graphite don sake zafi da riƙe ƙarfe a daidai yanayin zafi. Saboda murhun wutan lantarki yana aiki da ƙaramin ƙarfi da guntun baka fiye da narke wutar lantarki, amfani da lantarki akan kowace tonne yayi ƙasa, amma daidaito, amintattun na'urorin lantarki har yanzu suna da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafin jiki.

3.Submerged Arc Furnaces (SAF) - ferroalloys & non-ferrous karafa

Tanderun da aka nutsar da su suna samar da ferroalloys (ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferromanganese), ƙarfe na silicon, phosphorus, da sauran samfuran da ba na ƙarfe ba. Anan na'urorin lantarki suna nutsewa cikin cajin, kuma halin yanzu yana wucewa ta cikin nauyin don samar da zafi ta hanyar juriya. Waɗannan tanderun na iya amfani da na'urorin lantarki na graphite ko, ƙara, manyan diamita masu girman girman don ci gaba da aiki akan dogon kamfen.

4.Sauran Applications

• Narkewar ma'adinai na lantarki - don titanium slag, calcium carbide da sauran high-zazzabi metallurgical matakai.
• Wutar wutar lantarki ta DC - wani yanki mai girma inda ake amfani da na'urar lantarki mai girman diamita guda ɗaya (cathode) da anode na ƙasa.
• Musamman & tanderun bincike - juriya dumama abubuwa da high-zazzabi makera aka gyara domin dakunan gwaje-gwaje da kuma na musamman samar.

Yadda Ake Zaban Electrode Graphite Dama

Zaɓin madaidaicin na'urar lantarki shine ma'auni na ma'auni na tanderun wuta, aikin aiki da jimillar farashin mallaka. Yi aiki ta waɗannan matakan:

1. Ƙayyade iyakar halin yanzu & iko - Daga ƙimar wutar lantarki da aikin aiki, ƙididdige iyakar halin yanzu kowane ginshiƙi na lantarki zai ɗauka.
2. Daidaita yawa na yanzu zuwa daraja - Zaɓi maki (RP/HP/UHP) wanda adadin da aka yarda da shi a halin yanzu ya rufe kololuwar halin yanzu tare da tsaro.
3. Zaɓi diamita - Manyan diamita suna ɗaukar ƙarin halin yanzu kuma oxidize daidai gwargwado (mafi kyawun yanki-zuwa girma rabo), amma dole ne ya dace da rufin tander ɗin ku, mai riƙewa / matsawa da tsarin injin ruwa.
4. Saka nono (haɗin gwiwa) - Nono shine bangaren da yafi saurin gazawa. Tabbatar cewa kayan nono, nau'in zaren zare da ƙayyadaddun juzu'i sun dace da na'urar lantarki da na'urar ƙara kayan shukar ku.
5. Yi la'akari da cikakken ginshiƙin lantarki - sassan ƙasa suna ganin baka da mafi girman iskar shaka; manyan sassan suna gudanar da halin yanzu. Wasu tsire-tsire suna inganta ta hanyar amfani da maki daban-daban ko sutura tare da ginshiƙi.
6. Tabbatar da takaddun shaida - Nemi takardar shaidar bincike da ke nuna yawa, tsayayya, ƙarfin sassauƙa, CTE da ash don ainihin tsari.

Me Ke Korar Amfani da Electrode?

Yawan amfani da lantarki ana bayyana shi cikin kilogiram a kowace ton na karfe da aka samar (kg/t). Fahimtar manyan hanyoyin asara yana taimaka muku ma'auni masu kaya da rage farashi:

• Tip (arc) amfani - Sublimation da spalling a baka tip karkashin matsananci zazzabi. Wannan shi ne mafi girma kuma mafi ƙarancin abin da za a iya kauce masa.
• Side oxidation - Reaction na zafi gefen surface tare da tanderu yanayi. Sarrafa ta hanyar sanyaya ruwa, sutura da garkuwa.
• Karyewa - Karyewar injina ko zafi na nono ko jiki, yawanci daga tarkacen kogo, rashin daidaituwa ko rashin ƙarfi na haɗin gwiwa. Mafi yawa ana iya hana shi ta hanyar kyakkyawan aiki.
• Rashin hasara - Ragowar "stub" lokacin da dole ne a maye gurbin ginshiƙin lantarki kafin cikakken amfani. Rage girman ta hanyar inganta tsayin shafi da canjin lokaci.

Jimlar yawan amfani ya bambanta daga kusan 1.2-2.5 kg /t don murhun wutar lantarki na UHP na zamani zuwa mafi girman ƙima don wayoyin RP da ƙananan tanderu. Kowane 0.1 kg / t ragewa shine ceton farashi kai tsaye akan babban abin amfani mai girma - wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ingancin lantarki da zaɓin zaɓi na daidai yake da yawa.

Source High-Quality Graphite Electrodes daga ƙwararrun masana'anta

Zaɓin madaidaicin darajar lantarki, diamita da daidaitawar nono yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan ƙarfin narkewar ku da farashin kowace ton na ƙarfe. A matsayin ƙwararren ƙwararren graphite electrode manufacturer da maroki, muna samar da RP, HP da UHP lantarki a diamita daga 75 mm zuwa 800 mm, tare da cikakken takaddun shaida na bincike da fasaha goyon baya ga tanderu sizing.

FadaZan An nau'in tanderun ku, wutar lantarki da buƙatunku na yanzu, kuma za mu ba da shawarar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima.